双季稻区不同土壤耕作模式对水稻干物质积累及产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.201751185

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明双季稻区不同土壤耕作模式下双季水稻干物质积累及产量的变化，以紫云英-双季稻大田定位试验为平台（设双季水稻翻耕+秸秆还田（CT）、双季水稻旋耕+秸秆还田（RT）、双季水稻免耕+秸秆还田（NT）、双季水稻旋耕+秸秆不还田（RTO，对照）4种土壤耕作处理），于2016-2017年取样，应用常规试验方法系统分析了不同处理条件下早稻和晚稻干物质积累及产量的变化。结果表明，早稻和晚稻各个主要生育期，各处理水稻LAI大小顺序均表现为CT > RT > NT > RTO。早稻和晚稻各个主要生育期，水稻植株的群体根系和地上部总干质量及茎、叶、穗群体干质量均表现为CT > RT > NT > RTO。早稻和晚稻齐穗期和成熟期，根系干质量占总干质量的比例均表现为CT > RT > NT > RTO；齐穗期和成熟期，茎的比例均以RTO处理最高；苗期和分蘖期，叶比例均以NT和RTO处理最大，CT处理最小；早稻和晚稻的成熟期，穗的比例分别以RT和NT处理最大。不同处理早稻和晚稻产量大小顺序均表现为CT > RT > NT > RTO，2个不同年份CT、RT和NT处理早稻产量分别比RTO处理增加733.3，534.1，300.5 kg/hm²和731.1，556.9，276.2 kg/hm²；晚稻产量分别比RTO处理增加582.5，399.8，282.9 kg/hm²和717.6，558.9，345.1 kg/hm²。总的来说，土壤翻耕和旋耕结合秸秆还田的综合措施水稻干物质总量大而且分配合理，有利于改善产量构成因素，增加水稻产量。

关键词: 水稻, 双季稻区, 土壤耕作模式, 秸秆还田, 干物质, 产量

Abstract: In order to explore the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and grain yield of rice under different soil tillage systems in a Chinese milk vetch and double cropping rice system, the dry matter accumulation and grain yield of early rice and late rice were analyzed by using conventional experimental analysis methods from 2016 to 2017. The experiment included four different soil tillage treatments:conventional tillage plus residue incorporation (CT), rotary tillage plus residue incorporation (RT), no tillage plus residue retention (NT), and rotary tillage plus residue removement (RTO). The results showed that in different soil tillage treatments, the leaf area index was CT > RT > NT > RTO at the main growth stages of early rice and late rice. And the dry weights of roots, shoots, stems, leaves and panicles of population were also CT > RT > NT > RTO at the main growth stages of early rice and late rice. Meanwhile, the dry matter weight ratio of root to total plant at the heading stage and maturity stage of early rice and late rice had the trend of CT > RT > NT > RTO. The dry matter weight ratio of stem to total plant in RTO treatment was higher than that of other treatments at the heading stage and maturity stage of early rice and late rice. And the dry matter weight ratio of leaf to total plant in NT and RTO treatments was higher than that of other treatments at the seedling stage and tillering stage of early rice and late rice. In addition, the dry matter weight ratio of panicle to total plant in RT and NT treatments was higher than that of other treatments at maturity stage of early rice and late rice. The grain yield of early rice and late rice in different soil tillage treatments was CT > RT > NT > RTO. Compared with RTO treatment, the grain yields of early rice in CT, RT and NT treatments increased by 733.3, 534.1,300.5 kg/ha in 2016 and 731.1, 556.9, 276.2 kg/ha in 2017, respectively, while the grain yields of late rice in CT, RT and NT treatments increased by 582.5, 399.8,282.9 kg/ha in 2016 and 717.6, 558.9,345.1 kg/ha in 2017, respectively. The results indicated that the combined application of conventional tillage or rotational tillage with residue incorporation was an effective way for increasing the dry matter accumulation of rice plant and making the dry matter distribution more reasonable, so as to improve the grain yield and yield components of rice.

Key words: Rice, Double cropping rice area, Soil tillage pattern, Straw incorporation, Dry matter, Yield

中图分类号:

S511

唐海明, 李超, 肖小平, 汤文光, 郭立君, 程凯凯, 潘孝晨, 汪柯, 孙耿. 双季稻区不同土壤耕作模式对水稻干物质积累及产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(3): 137-146. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751185.

TANG Haiming, LI Chao, XIAO Xiaoping, TANG Wenguang, GUO Lijun, CHENG Kaikai, PAN Xiaochen, WANG Ke, SUN Geng. Effects of Different Soil Tillage Systems on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Rice in Double Cropping Rice Field[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(3): 137-146. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751185.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/I3/137

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