节水条件下不同种植方式对晚稻氮素吸收积累的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.201751069

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探讨“早水晚用”节水条件下不同水稻种植方式增苗节氮对双季晚稻氮素利用的影响，进行了人工移栽、抛秧、机插秧的种植方式比较试验。结果表明，水稻主要生育时期单株氮素积累量随时间的增长呈逐渐增加的趋势。水稻不同阶段单株氮素积累量占全生育期总积累量的比例从大到小排序为分蘖-齐穗期（25.18%~68.01%）、播种-分蘖期（23.47%~58.47%）、乳熟-成熟期（5.39%~27.25%）、齐穗-乳熟期（0.52%~12.51%），单株氮素积累量的影响从大到小的排序为分蘖-齐穗期（148.28^**）、乳熟-成熟期（105.05^**）、播种-分蘖期（71.65^**）、齐穗-乳熟期（57.26^**）；水稻茎鞘、叶片氮素积累量占植株总生物量比例（含氮率）随水稻的生长总体呈降低的趋势，氮素积累量则呈先升高后降低的趋势，在齐穗期达到最大；穗部氮素含氮率随水稻的生长总体呈先增加后降低的趋势，氮素积累量呈逐渐增加的趋势；产量与乳熟期单株氮素积累量呈显著正相关（0.87^*），与分蘖-齐穗期和齐穗-乳熟期2个阶段单株氮素积累量呈不显著正相关，与成熟期穗部含氮率呈不显著负相关。成熟期不同处理间的植物氮素吸收积累量以及水稻叶片、茎鞘、穗部含氮率以早稻旋耕人插人收+晚稻免耕抛栽机收+增苗节氮这种处理方式最大。

关键词: 水稻, 节水, 种植方式, 氮素, 吸收利用

Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of different rice planting modes on the nitrogen utilization of double-cropping late rice under the water-saving condition of "early water and late use", three planting modes of artificial transplanting, throwing seedlings and transplanting seedlings by machine were compared. The results showed that nitrogen accumulation per plant increased gradually with time during the main growing stages of rice. Nitrogen accumulation per plant in different stages of rice accounted for the proportion of total nitrogen accumulation in the whole growth stages showed the following order (from high to low):tillering to full heading stage (25.18%-68.01%), sowing to tillering stage (23.47%-58.47%), milky to maturity stage (5.39%-27.25%),full heading to milky stage (0.52%-12.51%). The accumulation amounts of nitrogen per plant followed the order of tillering to full heading stage (148.28^{* *}),milky to maturity stage (105.05^{* *}), sowing to tillering stage (71.65^{* *}), and full heading to milky stage (57.26^{* *}). The nitrogen accumulation as a proportion of total plant biomass in stem sheaths and leaves of rice decreased with the growth of rice as a whole, while the nitrogen accumulation increased first and then decreased, reaching to maximum at heading stage. Nitrogen accumulation as a proportion of total plant biomass in panicle increased first and then decreased with the growth of rice, and nitrogen accumulation increased gradually. There was a significant positive correlation between yield and nitrogen accumulation per plant during the milky stage(0.87^*), but no significant correlation was founded during tillering to full heading stage and full heading to milky stage. There was no significant negative correlation between yield and nitrogen accumulation as a proportion of total plant biomass in maturity stage. Among different treatments, the nitrogen accumulation of rice and the nitrogen accumulation as a proportion of total plant biomass of leaves,stem sheaths and panicle was the highest in the treatment of "The early rice ploughs were planted and reaped+Late rice harvest by no-tillage and throwing machine+seedling-increase and nitrogen-reduction" in the maturity stage.

Key words: Rice, Water saving, Planting methods, Nitrogen, Absorption and utilization

中图分类号:

周文涛, 龙文飞, 戴炜, 傅志强. 节水条件下不同种植方式对晚稻氮素吸收积累的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(3): 147-154. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751069.

ZHOU Wentao, LONG Wenfei, DAI Wei, FU Zhiqiang. Effects of Different Planting Modes on Nitrogen Uptake and Accumulation of Late Rice under Water-saving Conditions[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(3): 147-154. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751069.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/I3/147

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