不同氮肥运筹模式对双季稻植株生理特性和产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.201751226

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明双季稻区不同氮（N）肥运筹模式对双季水稻植株叶片生理特性及产量的影响，以早稻和晚稻均不施N肥为对照（CK），系统比较研究了早稻施N 120.0 kg/hm²+晚稻施N 210.0 kg/hm²（N_120：210）、早稻施N 150.0 kg/hm²+晚稻施N 180.0 kg/hm²（N_150：180）、早稻施N 180.0 kg/hm²+晚稻施N 150.0 kg/hm²（N_180：150）、早稻施N 210.0 kg/hm²+晚稻施N 120.0 kg/hm²（N_210：120）5种N肥运筹模式条件下双季水稻植株叶片保护性酶活性、光合特性及产量的变化。研究结果表明，不同施N水平下，早、晚稻各个生育时期植株叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性提高，丙二醛（MDA）和脯氨酸（Pro）含量降低；早稻和晚稻各个主要生育时期，叶片净光合速率（Pn）和蒸腾速率（Tr）大小顺序均分别表现为N_150：180 > N_180：150 > N_210：120 > N_120：210 > CK和N_150：180 > N_180：150 > N_120：210 > N_210：120 > CK；早稻和晚稻各个主要生育时期叶片气孔导度（Gs）分别表现为N_210：120 > N_180：150 > N_150：180 > N_120：210 > CK和N_120：210 > N_150：180 > N_180：150 > N_210：120 > CK。各处理间水稻植株的千粒质量均无显著性差异；早稻和晚稻产量均以N_150：180处理为最高，分别比对照增加1 849.5，1 879.5 kg/hm²。因此，早稻施N 150.0 kg/hm²和晚稻施N 180.0 kg/hm²的施肥模式，有利于提高双季水稻叶片保护性酶活性和光合特性，改善产量构成因素，从而获得较高的水稻产量。

关键词: 水稻, 氮肥运筹模式, 生理特性, 保护性酶, 产量

Abstract: In order to investigate the physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice leaves and grain yield with different N application patterns in double-cropping rice system, the protective enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics of rice leaves, grain yield of early rice and late rice were analyzed under 5 models of N application:120.0 kg/ha of early rice plus 210.0 kg/ha of late rice(N_120:210), 150.0 kg/ha of early rice plus 180.0 kg/ha of late rice(N_150:180), 180.0 kg/ha of early rice plus 150.0 kg/ha of late rice(N_180:150), 210.0 kg/ha of early rice plus 120.0 kg/ha of late rice(N_210:120), and taking zero N of early and late rice as the control(CK). The results showed that the activities of SOD, POD and CAT in rice leaves increased with different N fertilizer treatments compared to CK at main growth stages of early and late rice. Meanwhile, compared with CK, the MDA and Pro contents in rice leaves decreased with different N fertilizer treatments at main growth stages of early and late rice. The Pn and Tr of rice leaves with different N fertilizer treatments decreased in the following order:N_150:180 > N_180:150 > N_210:120 > N_120:210 > CK and N_150:180 > N_180:150 > N_120:210 > N_210:120 > CK at main growth stages of early and late rice, respectively. Meanwhile, the leaf Gs of early and late rice with different N fertilizer treatments decreased in the following order N_210:120 > N_180:150 > N_150:180 > N_120:210 > CK and N_120:210 > N_150:180 > N_180:150 > N_210:120 > CK at main growth stages, respectively. The results also indicated that there were no significantly difference in spikelet number per panicle and 1 000-grain weight of rice among different N fertilizer treatments. The grain yields of early rice and late rice in N_150:180 and N_180:150 treatments were higher than in other treatments. Compared with CK, the grain yields of early rice and late rice in N_150:180 and N_180:150 treatments increased by 1 849.5, 1 879.5 kg/ha, respectively. The results indicated that the N_150:180 treatment could improve the protective enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics of rice leaves, so as to increase the grain yield of rice.

Key words: Rice, Nitrogen application patterns, Physiological and biochemical characteristics, Protective enzyme, Yield

中图分类号:

S511
S143.1

徐一兰, 付爱斌, 刘唐兴. 不同氮肥运筹模式对双季稻植株生理特性和产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(3): 155-163. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751226.

XU Yilan, FU Aibin, LIU Tangxing. Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Patterns on Leaf Physiological Characteristics and Grain Yield of Double Cropping Rice[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(3): 155-163. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751226.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/I3/155

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