摘要： 为研究小麦季玉米秸秆还田与施氮对麦-玉米轮作中夏玉米生长及养分吸收的影响，试验于2015-2019年在四川省仁寿县进行，供试夏玉米品种为正红6号。试验采用裂区设计，主因素为小麦季玉米秸秆还田和不还田，副因素为小麦季3种施氮量（0，120，180 kg/hm²），小麦收获后直接在各小区种植夏玉米，施氮量均为225 kg/hm²。结果表明，多年秸秆还田土壤有机质含量提高34.1%，全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别增加6.64%，7.34%，16.2%，14.3%（2 a均值）。秸秆还田处理下后茬玉米生物量提高34.7%（2018年），38.8%（2019年），增产65.7%（2018年），30.7%（2019年）；小麦季120，180 kg/hm²施氮处理下后茬玉米生物量分别提高29.9%，36.7%，产量增加41.5%，59.4%（2 a均值）。玉米秸秆还田后，后茬玉米地上部氮、磷、钾养分的吸收分别增加47.2%，58.8%，45.0%（2 a均值）；随施氮量增加，后茬玉米植株氮、磷、钾的吸收量均表现为增加的趋势。综上，西南丘陵区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作种植模式，玉米秸秆长期还田可培肥地力，提高后茬玉米的产量和养分吸收，是西南丘陵区绿色、资源高效利用的生产方式。

关键词: 玉米, 秸秆还田, 氮肥, 产量, 养分吸收

Abstract: In order to study the effects of maize straw returning and nitrogen application on the growth and nutrient absorption of summer maize in wheat-maize rotation system, the experiment was started from 2015 to 2019 and carried out in Renshou County, Sichuan Province.The summer maize variety was Zhenghong No. 6. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, with wheat season maize straw returning or not as the main factor and nitrogen level(0, 120, 180 kg/ha) as the sub-plot. After wheat harvest, summer maize was directly planted in each plot, and nitrogen application amounts were 225 kg/ha. The results showed that the soil organic matter content increased by 34.1% after wheat harvest. Similarly, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 6.64%, 7.34%, 16.2%, 14.3%(2-years mean value), respectively. Under the treatment of straw returning, the biomass of the later maize increased by 34.7%(2018), 38.8%(2019), and the yield increased by 65.7%(2018), 30.7%(2019);the biomass of the later maize improved by 29.9%, 36.7% under the treatment of 120, 180 kg/ha, respectively, and the yield increased by 41.5%, 59.4%. By maize straw returning, the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the above-ground of the later maize increased by 47.2%, 58.8%, 45.0% respectively(2-year mean value). With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the absorption amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of later maize plants showed an increasing trend. In conclusion, the winter wheat-summer maize rotation planting mode in the southwest hilly region, long-term return of maize straw could improve soil fertility, improve the yield and nutrient absorption of the later maize, which was a green and resource efficient production mode in the southwest hilly region.

Key words: Maize, Straw returning, Nitrogen fertilizer, Yield, Nutrient uptake

中图分类号: 

• S143.1