秸秆降解菌对秸秆降解率、土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190347

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解决北方低温地区秸秆难以降解的问题，应用秸秆降解菌剂对秸秆进行快速分解，起到有效利用秸秆资源和提高土壤肥力的作用。通过模拟秸秆还田的培养试验和室内分析相结合的方法，研究对比了3种不同秸秆降解菌在不同培养阶段对玉米秸秆的降解效果以及对土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响。结果表明，添加降解菌能够加快秸秆降解，尤其是施加混合菌剂的处理，在培养100 d时降解率达到了86%，明显高于无菌处理；同时，施入秸秆降解菌显著提高了土壤酶活性，其中脲酶活性的提高最为明显，在培养末期，低温菌剂、常温菌剂和混合菌剂处理的土壤脲酶活性分别是培养初期的1.2，1.3，1.7倍；随着培养时间的延长，过氧化氢酶、转化酶、酸性磷酸酶和纤维素酶的活性均有不同程度的提高，且各个处理的酶活性均显著高于空白对照CK和无菌对照S；各个处理中土壤碱解氮、速效磷、有机质、速效钾、硝态氮、铵态氮含量和pH值随着培养天数的增加均呈现出稳定上升趋势。因此，低温条件下秸秆还田配施降解菌可以明显提高玉米秸秆降解率、改善土壤理化性质和酶活性。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 黑土, 土壤养分, 土壤酶活性, 秸秆降解菌

Abstract: In order to solve the problem that straw is difficult to be degraded in low temperature areas in North China, this study applied straw degradation bacteria agent to rapidly decompose straw, which plays an effective role in utilizing straw resources and improving soil fertility. The effects of three different straw degrading bacteria on the degradation effect of corn straw in different culture stages, soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities were compared by simulating the cultivation experiment of straw returning to the field and indoor analysis. The results showed that the addition of degrading bacteria could accelerate the degradation of straw, especially the treatment with mixed bacteria agent. The degradation rate reached 86% after 100 days of culture, which was significantly higher than that of aseptic treatment.At the same time, the application of straw degrading bacteria significantly increased the soil enzyme activity, of which the increase of urease activity was the most obvious. At the end of the culture period, the urease activity of soil treated with low temperature bacteria agent, normal temperature bacteria agent and mixed bacteria agent was 1.2, 1.3 and 1.7 times that of the initial culture period.With the prolonging of culture time, the activities of catalase, invertase, acid phosphatase and cellulase all improved to different degrees, and the enzyme activities of each treatment were significantly higher than those of CK and S;The contents and pH values of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, organic matter, available potassium, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in each treatment showed a stable upward trend with the increase of culture days. Therefore, the degradation rate of corn straw, soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities can be significantly improved by straw mulching and application of degradation bacteria at low temperature.

Key words: Straw returned, Black soil, Soil nutrients, Soil enzyme activity, Straw degrading bacteria

中图分类号:

S141.4

常洪艳, 王天野, 黄梓源, 白义晨, 王呈玉, 刘淑霞. 秸秆降解菌对秸秆降解率、土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(S1): 161-167. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190347.

CHANG Hongyan, WANG Tianye, HUANG Ziyuan, BAI Yichen, WANG Chengyu, LIU Shuxia. Effects of Straw Degrading Bacteria on Straw Degradation Rate, Soil Physicochemical Properties and Enzyme Activities[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(S1): 161-167. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190347.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/IS1/161

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