有机肥替代对土壤理化性状及产量的综合评价

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190078

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究有机肥替代氮肥对土壤理化性状及产量的变化，以黑土为试验对象进行大田试验，设置不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（NPK）、单施有机肥（OM）、有机肥＋化肥（OM100）、有机肥＋氮肥减施30%（OM70）、有机肥＋氮肥减施50%（OM50）6个处理，于2018年取样，应用常规试验方法系统分析不同处理条件下土壤理化性状及玉米产量的变化，结果表明：在一定范围内，有机肥替代可显著降低土壤容重，显著提高土壤田间持水量，提高土壤毛管孔隙度。单施有机肥和有机肥替代能显著提高气相比例，降低土壤液相；对比单施化肥，短时间施用有机肥替代，土壤有机质提升不明显，外源有机物进入土壤对土壤物理性状有显著或极显著影响。适度有机肥替代，能够改善土壤理化性状，维持作物产量。

关键词: 黑土, 有机肥替代, 土壤容重, 孔隙度, 三相比

Abstract: This research paper taking the black soil as the test object and studying the alternative way of applying chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer and different proportions of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer, to discuss the biological and physical character effects of partial replacement of chemical fertilizer and yield on the soil，the results indicated that the soil bulk density gradually decreased with the increase of the partial replacement of chemical fertilizer within a certain range.It was the partial replacement of chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer that could significantly(P＜0.05，the same below) increase field capacity. As the increasing quantity of the partial replacement of chemical fertilizer, capillary porosity was enhanced accordingly within a certain range. Organic fertilizer and the partial replacement of chemical fertilizer could significantly increase the proportion of gaseous phase and reduced liquid phase of soil，compared with single application of chemical fertilizer. Exogenous organic matter entering the soil had significant or extremely significant correlation with soil physical properties.With the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers, the physical and chemical properties of soils had decreased. Moderate organic fertilizer replaces chemical fertilizer can improve biological and physical fertility properties and yield.

Key words: The black soil, The partial replacement of chemical fertilizer, Soil bulk density, Capillary porosity, Soil three phases

中图分类号:

S141

杨忠赞, 迟凤琴, 匡恩俊, 张久明, 宿庆瑞, 张一雯, 刘亦丹. 有机肥替代对土壤理化性状及产量的综合评价[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(S1): 153-160. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190078.

YANG Zhongzan, CHI Fengqin, KUANG Enjun, ZHANG Jiuming, SU Qingrui, ZHANG Yiwen, LIU Yidan. Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Yield by Substitution of Organic Manure[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(S1): 153-160. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190078.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/IS1/153

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