生化抑制剂和浒苔多糖配施的稳定性尿素在黑土中的肥料效果

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193937

华北农学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 139-147. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193937

所属专题： 土壤肥料；

• 资源环境·植物保护 • 上一篇下一篇

生化抑制剂和浒苔多糖配施的稳定性尿素在黑土中的肥料效果

张艺籍¹^,², 李东坡¹^,⁶, 肖富容¹^,², 李永华³, 杜艳娣⁴, 薛妍¹, 宋玉超¹, 张可¹^,², 张金明⁵, 崔永坤⁵

¹ 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳 110016
² 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
³ 北方华锦化学工业集团有限公司,辽宁盘锦 124021
⁴ 朝阳县农业技术推广中心,辽宁朝阳 122000
⁵ 锦西天然气化工有限责任公司,辽宁葫芦岛 125001
⁶ 辽宁沈阳农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,辽宁沈阳 110107

收稿日期:2023-04-17 出版日期:2023-10-28
通讯作者:
李东坡(1964-),男,辽宁锦州人,研究员,博士,主要从事植物营养与新型高效肥料研究。
作者简介:
张艺籍(1997-),男,重庆人,硕士,主要从事植物营养与新型高效肥料研究。
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA28090200); 国家自然科学基金项目(31971531); 辽宁省揭榜挂帅项目(2021JH1/10400039-2)

Fertilization Effect of Stable Urea Formulated with Biochemical Inhibitors and Enteromorpha Polysaccharide in Black Soil

ZHANG Yiji¹^,², LI Dongpo¹^,⁶, XIAO Furong¹^,², LI Yonghua³, DU Yandi⁴, XUE Yan¹, SONG Yuchao¹, ZHANG Ke¹^,², ZHANG Jinming⁵, CUI Yongkun⁵

¹ Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China
² University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
³ North Huajin Chemical Industries Group Corporation,Panjin 124021,China
⁴ Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Chaoyang County,Chaoyang 122000,China
⁵ Jinxi Natural Gas Chemical Co.Ltd., Huludao 125001,China
⁶ National Field Observation and Research the National Field Station of Agro-ecosystem,Shenyang 110107,China

Received:2023-04-17 Published:2023-10-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高传统稳定性尿素肥料的有效性,将生物刺激素浒苔多糖与生化抑制剂配合制成新型稳定性增效尿素肥料,采用田间盆栽试验探究其在黑土水稻种植中的施用效果,设置以不施氮肥(CK)、单独施用尿素肥料(N)为对照组,将浒苔多糖(E)、在尿素肥料中分别添加了N-丁基硫代磷酸三胺(NBPT)、3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)、2-氯-6-三甲基吡啶(CP)和浒苔多糖,共设置9个处理,研究其在黑土中的氮素转化特性、水稻植株生理和生物学、植物吸氮量和氮肥吸收利用效率等指标。结果表明,在黑土上栽培水稻,相比于单施尿素,浒苔多糖显著提高水稻分蘖期土壤铵态氮含量,促进水稻植株生长发育,显著提高籽粒产量、氮肥利用效率。浒苔多糖与NBPT具有协同增效作用,二者结合显著提高黑土铵态氮含量,但浒苔多糖施用促进了NBPT的分解,两者结合未对产量及氮肥利用效率造成显著影响。浒苔多糖与DMPP结合显著降低水稻籽粒产量、氮肥利用率,二者结合难以产生良好效果。CP与浒苔多糖结合处理在水稻分蘖期铵态氮含量最高,二者配合具有协同作用,黑土表观硝化速率显著低于CP处理,同时铵态氮的提高能促进水稻分蘖,增加成穗率,显著提高水稻的籽粒产量。

关键词: 黑土, 水稻, 生化抑制剂, 生物刺激素, 浒苔多糖, 籽粒产量

Abstract:

In order to improve the use effect of ordinary stable urea fertilizer,develop biostimulant and biochemical inhibitor combined high-efficiency,stable and synergistic urea fertilizer.A field pot test was carried out to investigate the effect of urea fertilizer with the biological stimulator Enteromorpha polysaccharide and various biological inhibitors on rice cultivation in black soil.The control group in the experiment consisted of no nitrogen fertilizer (CK) and only urea fertilizer(N).In the treatment group, urea was supplemented with Enteromorpha polysaccharide (E), the biochemical inhibitor N-butyl thiophosphate triamine (NBPT), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), and 2-chloro-6-trimethylpyridine (CP). Additionally, a combination of Enteromorpha polysaccharide and a biochemical inhibitor was also added to urea. Nine treatments were set up to study the nitrogen conversion characteristics,physiological and developmental biological indexes of rice,nitrogen uptake by plants,and efficiency of nitrogen absorption and utilization from fertilizers.When urea was applied alone,the addition of Enteromorpha polysaccharide reduced ammonia volatilization loss in black soil,significantly increased ammonium nitrogen content in soil at the tillering stage,promoted plant growth,and then significantly increased grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency.The combination of Enteromorpha polysaccharide and NBPT significantly increased ammonium nitrogen content in black soil,but the application of Enteromorpha polysaccharide promoted the decomposition of NBPT,resulting in no significant effect on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency.In black soil cultivation rice,the combination of Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide and DMPP significantly reduced rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency,and the application of stable urea fertilizer combined with both was not conducive to yield increase and efficiency increase.The combination of tillering stage CP rice plants and Enteromorpha polysaccharides had the highest ammonium nitrogen content in black soil,and had a synergistic effect on the process of inhibiting urea nitrogen conversion to nitrate nitrogen.The apparent nitrification rate of black soil treated with the two was significantly lower than that of CP alone,while the increase in ammonium nitrogen promoted rice tillering,increased panicle percentage,and thus significantly increased rice grain yield.

Key words: Black soil, Rice, Biochemical inhibitor, Biostimulant, Enteromorpha polysaccharide, Grain yield

张艺籍, 李东坡, 肖富容, 李永华, 杜艳娣, 薛妍, 宋玉超, 张可, 张金明, 崔永坤. 生化抑制剂和浒苔多糖配施的稳定性尿素在黑土中的肥料效果[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(5): 139-147. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193937.

ZHANG Yiji, LI Dongpo, XIAO Furong, LI Yonghua, DU Yandi, XUE Yan, SONG Yuchao, ZHANG Ke, ZHANG Jinming, CUI Yongkun. Fertilization Effect of Stable Urea Formulated with Biochemical Inhibitors and Enteromorpha Polysaccharide in Black Soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(5): 139-147. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193937.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2023/V38/I5/139

图/表 5

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处理 Treatments	分蘖期 Tiller stage	抽穗期 Spike stage	灌浆期 Grouting stage	成熟期 Mature stage
CK	11.80±1.03a	23.30±1.31a	24.70±0.63a	16.05±1.36e
N	10.00±0.21a	23.90±1.79a	16.30±0.84b	21.45±0.83b
E	11.10±0.88a	20.80±1.37bcd	13.60±0.59c	21.10±0.81bc
NBPT	8.90±0.44b	19.70±1.22cd	15.01±0.95b	19.85±0.78c
DMPP	7.20±0.36c	19.70±0.70d	15.80±0.59b	17.82±1.51de
CP	6.90±0.34c	21.60±2.08abc	15.40±0.91b	25.85±0.53a
NBPT+E	7.50±0.71c	22.80±1.27ab	12.00±0.41c	25.11±0.34a
DMPP+E	8.12±0.95bc	22.60±1.19ab	16.00±0.84b	19.73±0.55c
CP+E	4.32±0.17d	19.50±0.23cd	12.70±1.02c	19.58±1.68cd

处理 Treatments	分蘖期 Tiller stage	抽穗期 Spike stage	灌浆期 Grouting stage	成熟期 Mature stage
CK	11.80±1.03a	23.30±1.31a	24.70±0.63a	16.05±1.36e
N	10.00±0.21a	23.90±1.79a	16.30±0.84b	21.45±0.83b
E	11.10±0.88a	20.80±1.37bcd	13.60±0.59c	21.10±0.81bc
NBPT	8.90±0.44b	19.70±1.22cd	15.01±0.95b	19.85±0.78c
DMPP	7.20±0.36c	19.70±0.70d	15.80±0.59b	17.82±1.51de
CP	6.90±0.34c	21.60±2.08abc	15.40±0.91b	25.85±0.53a
NBPT+E	7.50±0.71c	22.80±1.27ab	12.00±0.41c	25.11±0.34a
DMPP+E	8.12±0.95bc	22.60±1.19ab	16.00±0.84b	19.73±0.55c
CP+E	4.32±0.17d	19.50±0.23cd	12.70±1.02c	19.58±1.68cd

处理 Treatments	籽粒产量/ (g/株) Grain yield	生物产量/ (g/株) Total biomass	根生物量/ (g/株) Root biomass	叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content	叶面积指数/cm² Leaf area	分蘖数 Tiller number	株高/cm Plant height
CK	58.76±1.33e	182.91±4.23d	27.75±3.53d	7.43±0.31d	24.33±2.46d	7.53±0.31e	71.98±1.94c
N	76.29±2.22d	306.12±15.77c	39.81±1.41c	19.52±0.07bc	25.56±0.83cd	10.27±0.31d	84.32±1.20a
E	104.80±5.59abc	337.26±18.68b	54.61±3.97a	20.19±1.14abc	27.85±2.50bcd	12.47±0.31ab	83.59±1.64a
NBPT	99.82±2.29c	317.63±14.62bc	43.86±2.41bc	20.95±0.14ab	29.92±3.78b	10.47±0.81d	82.67±2.25ab
DMPP	111.24±2.26a	363.89±5.28a	47.26±0.87b	21.27±0.88a	30.13±0.41b	11.53±0.61bc	79.06±0.59b
CP	98.74±5.61c	329.38±2.12b	44.31±2.19bc	19.86±0.04abc	34.45±1.85a	11.13±0.61cd	84.20±0.21a
NBPT+E	101.00±3.72c	324.62±2.75bc	46.83±2.69b	20.09±0.82abc	29.12±0.81bc	12.67±0.42a	84.92±1.48a
DMPP+E	103.61±5.37bc	323.26±9.63bc	54.79±4.39a	19.25±0.97c	28.06±2.59bcd	11.80±0.72abc	83.31±5.28a
CP+E	110.21±0.80ab	326.72±12.53bc	44.30±0.75bc	20.38±1.75abc	30.38±1.83b	12.27±0.23ab	84.07±0.39a

处理 Treatments	籽粒产量/ (g/株) Grain yield	生物产量/ (g/株) Total biomass	根生物量/ (g/株) Root biomass	叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content	叶面积指数/cm² Leaf area	分蘖数 Tiller number	株高/cm Plant height
CK	58.76±1.33e	182.91±4.23d	27.75±3.53d	7.43±0.31d	24.33±2.46d	7.53±0.31e	71.98±1.94c
N	76.29±2.22d	306.12±15.77c	39.81±1.41c	19.52±0.07bc	25.56±0.83cd	10.27±0.31d	84.32±1.20a
E	104.80±5.59abc	337.26±18.68b	54.61±3.97a	20.19±1.14abc	27.85±2.50bcd	12.47±0.31ab	83.59±1.64a
NBPT	99.82±2.29c	317.63±14.62bc	43.86±2.41bc	20.95±0.14ab	29.92±3.78b	10.47±0.81d	82.67±2.25ab
DMPP	111.24±2.26a	363.89±5.28a	47.26±0.87b	21.27±0.88a	30.13±0.41b	11.53±0.61bc	79.06±0.59b
CP	98.74±5.61c	329.38±2.12b	44.31±2.19bc	19.86±0.04abc	34.45±1.85a	11.13±0.61cd	84.20±0.21a
NBPT+E	101.00±3.72c	324.62±2.75bc	46.83±2.69b	20.09±0.82abc	29.12±0.81bc	12.67±0.42a	84.92±1.48a
DMPP+E	103.61±5.37bc	323.26±9.63bc	54.79±4.39a	19.25±0.97c	28.06±2.59bcd	11.80±0.72abc	83.31±5.28a
CP+E	110.21±0.80ab	326.72±12.53bc	44.30±0.75bc	20.38±1.75abc	30.38±1.83b	12.27±0.23ab	84.07±0.39a

处理 Treatments	稻谷吸氮量/ (g/株) Grain N uptake	茎叶吸氮量/ (g/株) Nitrogen uptake by stems and leaves	根吸氮量/ (g/株) Root nitrogen uptake	总吸氮量/ (g/盆) Total N uptake	水稻氮肥吸收效率/% NUE	氮肥偏生产力/(g/g) NPFP	水稻氮肥农学效率/(g/g) NAE
CK	0.66±0.05f	0.43±0.03c	0.19±0.02c	1.28±0.09d	-	91.46±2.12d	-
N	0.90±0.08e	1.14±0.03ab	0.36±0.03b	2.39±0.04c	26.54±1.03c	153.06±7.88c	29.33±3.75c
E	1.26±0.09abcd	1.03±0.12ab	0.46±0.01a	2.75±0.17b	34.96±3.95b	168.63±9.34b	36.75±4.45b
NBPT	1.15±0.01d	1.13±0.12ab	0.39±0.02b	2.67±0.12b	33.19±2.88b	158.81±7.31bc	32.08±3.48bc
DMPP	1.36±0.05a	1.19±0.01a	0.47±0.02a	3.01±0.05a	41.20±1.28a	181.95±2.64a	43.09±1.26a
CP	1.17±0.11cd	1.19±0.05a	0.38±0.02b	2.73±0.10b	34.46±2.47b	164.69±1.06b	34.87±0.50b
NBPT+E	1.22±0.02bcd	1.14±0.15ab	0.46±0.02a	2.82±0.14ab	36.64±3.43b	162.31±1.38bc	33.74±0.66bc
DMPP+E	1.27±0.05abc	0.98±0.12b	0.50±0.04a	2.76±0.16b	35.13±3.91b	161.63±4.82bc	33.42±2.29bc
CP+E	1.30±0.01ab	1.06±0.05ab	0.39±0.02b	2.75±0.07b	35.04±1.59b	163.36±6.27bc	34.24±2.98bc

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生化抑制剂和浒苔多糖配施的稳定性尿素在黑土中的肥料效果

Fertilization Effect of Stable Urea Formulated with Biochemical Inhibitors and Enteromorpha Polysaccharide in Black Soil

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