不同品种(系)彩色小麦干物质积累转运和产量形成分析

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194246

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确不同品种(系)彩色小麦主要农艺性状的特征及其与籽粒产量的相关关系,筛选出适宜鲁东地区栽培的彩色小麦品种。于2020-2022年2个冬小麦生长季,选用4个紫色小麦品种(系)青研紫麦1号(QYZ-1)、QYZ-2、山农紫麦1号(SNZM1)和农大3753(ND3753),2个蓝色小麦品系20064和20072以及普通白粒小麦品种济麦22(JM22,对照品种)为试验材料,系统研究了不同品种(系)彩色小麦的旗叶SPAD值、叶面积指数、干物质积累与转运、产量及其构成因素等方面的差异,和各农艺性状的稳定性以及产量可持续性。结果表明,各彩色小麦品种产量、千粒质量、开花期叶面积指数、花后SPAD值、开花期干物质积累量、成熟期干物质积累量、花后干物质积累量及收获指数均低于普通白粒小麦品种济麦22。各彩色小麦品种(系)间比较,紫色小麦QYZ-1产量显著高于其他彩色小麦品种(系),单位面积粒数与QYZ-2无显著差异,但其千粒质量显著高于QYZ-2;紫色小麦QYZ-1开花期上三叶叶面积指数显著高于蓝色小麦品系及ND3753,紫色小麦QYZ-1花后旗叶SPAD、成熟期干物质积累量、花后干物质积累量、花前干物质转运量和收获指数均高于其余彩色小麦品种(系);与其他品种(系)比较,JM22和QYZ-1各农艺性状的变异系数(CV)均较小,彩色小麦间比较,QYZ-1的产量均值和产量可持续性指数(SYI)均较高。另外,相关分析表明,产量分别与开花期干物质积累量、成熟期干物质积累量、花后干物质积累量、花前干物质转运量、收获指数、旗叶花后28 d SPAD值、开花期全绿叶叶面积指数和千粒质量呈极显著的正相关关系。综合2 a的结果,表明QYZ-1具有适宜的叶面积指数,并维持了较高的花后旗叶SPAD值,花后旗叶的衰老较慢,开花-成熟时间较长,协同提高了花后干物质积累量和花前干物质转运量、成熟期干物质积累量和收获指数以及单位面积粒数和千粒质量,表现出较高的产量。综上所述,青研紫麦1号产量稳定且可持续性较好,是适宜鲁东地区栽培的彩色小麦品种。

关键词: 彩色小麦, 干物质积累, 单位面积粒数, 千粒质量, 产量

Abstract:

In order to clarify the main agronomic traits and their relationships with grain yield of different colored-grain wheat varieties(lines),and select colored-grain wheat varieties suitable for cultivation in Eastern Shandong.The experiment was carried out during 2020-2022 winter wheat growing seasons.Four purple-grain wheat varieties (lines)Qingyan No.1 purple wheat (QYZ-1),QYZ-2,Shannong No.1 purple wheat (SNZM1),and Nongda 3753 (ND3753),two blue-grain wheat lines 20064 and 20072,and one common white grain wheat variety Jimai 22 (JM22,control variety) were selected as test materials,to systematically study the differences in flag leaf SPAD,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation and remobilization,grain yield and its component factors,stability of agronomic traits and yield sustainability of different colored-grain wheat varieties (lines).The results showed that grain yield,thousand grains weight,leaf area index at anthesis,SPAD value after anthesis,dry matter accumulation at anthesis,dry matter accumulation at maturity,dry matter accumulation at post-anthesis and harvest index of each colored-grain wheat varieties (lines) were lower than those of common white grain wheat (Jimai 22).Compared among the various colored-grain wheat varieties (lines),the purple-grain wheat QYZ-1 grain yield was significantly higher than that of other colored-grain wheat varieties (lines),and the grains per unit area number was not significantly different from that of QYZ-2,but its thousand grains weight was significantly higher than that of QYZ-2.The upper three leaves area index of the purple-grain wheat QYZ-1 was significantly higher than that of the blue wheat lines and ND3753 at the anthesis stage.The flag leaf SPAD,the dry matter accumulation at maturity and post-anthesis,the dry matter remobilization before anthesis,and the harvest index were higher than those of other colored-grain wheat varieties (lines);compared with other varieties (lines),the coefficient of variation (CV) of agronomic traits of JM22 and QYZ-1 were lower.Compared with colored-grain wheat,the mean yield and yield sustainability index (SYI) of QYZ-1 were higher.In addition,the correlation analysis showed that the grain yield was positive significantly correlated with the dry matter accumulation at anthesis,the dry matter accumulation at maturity and post-anthesis,the dry matter remobilization before anthesis,the harvest index,flag leaf SPAD value at 28 days after anthesis,whole green leaves area index at anthesis and thousand grains weight,respectively.Based on the results of the two years' study,QYZ-1 obtained the appropriate leaf area index,maintained the higher flag leaf SPAD after anthesis,and the longer duration of anthesis to maturity stage,delayed the leaf senescence during the late grain filling stage,and synergistically increased the post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and the dry matter remobilization before anthesis,dry matter accumulation at maturity and harvest index,and grain number per unit area and thousand grains weight,and then achieved higher grain yield.In summary,Qingyan No.1 purple wheat,as a colored-grain wheat variety,has a stable yield and good sustainability,making it suitable for planting in Eastern Shandong region.

Key words: Colored-grain wheat, Dry matter accumulation, Grain number per unit area, Thousand grains weight, Yield

朱紫鑫, 张玉璐, 贾靖, 李文璐, 赵露迪, 孟繁港, 盖红梅, 徐学欣, 赵长星. 不同品种(系)彩色小麦干物质积累转运和产量形成分析[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(5): 128-138. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194246.

ZHU Zixin, ZHANG Yulu, JIA Jing, LI Wenlu, ZHAO Ludi, MENG Fangang, GE Hongmei, XU Xuexin, ZHAO Changxing. Analysis of Dry Matter Accumulation and Remobilization,and Yield Formation in Different Varieties (Lines) of Colored-grain Wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(5): 128-138. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194246.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2023/V38/I5/128

图/表 12

参考文献 38

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生长季 Growing season	有机质/(g/kg) Organic matter	土壤pH Soil pH	全氮/(g/kg) Total N	速效磷/(mg/kg) Available P	速效钾/(mg/kg) Available K
2020-2021	14.13±0.32	5.49±0.09	1.29±0.12	60.14±0.96	96.62±8.51
2021-2022	14.95±0.91	5.77±0.14	1.13±0.08	64.75±1.10	111.63±9.83

生长季 Growing season	有机质/(g/kg) Organic matter	土壤pH Soil pH	全氮/(g/kg) Total N	速效磷/(mg/kg) Available P	速效钾/(mg/kg) Available K
2020-2021	14.13±0.32	5.49±0.09	1.29±0.12	60.14±0.96	96.62±8.51
2021-2022	14.95±0.91	5.77±0.14	1.13±0.08	64.75±1.10	111.63±9.83

品种(系) Varieties(lines)	天数(2020-2021) Days			天数(2021-2022)Days
品种(系) Varieties(lines)	GS0-GS61	GS61-GS100	GS0-GS100	GS0-GS61	GS61-GS100	GS0-GS100
QYZ-1	202±0.00c	35±0.00ab	237±0.00c	197±1.41c	35±0.82b	232±1.41b
QYZ-2	203±0.82c	35±0.82ab	238±1.63bc	199±0.82bc	35±0.00b	234±0.82ab
SNZM1	205±1.41b	34±0.00b	239±1.41abc	200±0.00b	34±0.00c	234±0.00ab
ND3753	205±0.00b	34±0.00b	239±0.00abc	200±0.82b	34±0.00c	234±0.82ab
20072	208±0.82a	32±0.82c	240±1.63ab	203±1.63a	32±0.82d	235±1.63a
20064	209±0.00a	31±0.00c	240±0.00ab	203±0.82a	32±0.00d	235±0.82a
JM22	205±0.82b	36±0.00a	241±0.82a	200±0.00b	36±0.00a	236±0.00a

品种(系) Varieties(lines)	天数(2020-2021) Days			天数(2021-2022)Days
品种(系) Varieties(lines)	GS0-GS61	GS61-GS100	GS0-GS100	GS0-GS61	GS61-GS100	GS0-GS100
QYZ-1	202±0.00c	35±0.00ab	237±0.00c	197±1.41c	35±0.82b	232±1.41b
QYZ-2	203±0.82c	35±0.82ab	238±1.63bc	199±0.82bc	35±0.00b	234±0.82ab
SNZM1	205±1.41b	34±0.00b	239±1.41abc	200±0.00b	34±0.00c	234±0.00ab
ND3753	205±0.00b	34±0.00b	239±0.00abc	200±0.82b	34±0.00c	234±0.82ab
20072	208±0.82a	32±0.82c	240±1.63ab	203±1.63a	32±0.82d	235±1.63a
20064	209±0.00a	31±0.00c	240±0.00ab	203±0.82a	32±0.00d	235±0.82a
JM22	205±0.82b	36±0.00a	241±0.82a	200±0.00b	36±0.00a	236±0.00a

年份 Year	品种(系) Varieties (lines)	穗数/(×10⁴/hm²) Spike number	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒质量/g Thousand grains weight	单位面积粒数/ (×10³/m²) Grain number per square meter	产量/(kg/hm²) Yield
2020-2021	QYZ-1	653.44±4.58ab	37.66±0.41b	38.23±0.16c	24.61±0.21a	7 914.54±52.96b
	QYZ-2	638.45±13.32bc	39.33±0.65a	36.24±0.60d	25.11±0.26a	7 664.48±177.21c
	SNZM1	559.97±10.02e	39.37±0.60a	38.88±0.06c	22.05±0.22c	7 194.04±55.07d
	ND3753	622.58±21.55cd	31.83±1.53d	40.31±0.55b	19.80±0.30e	6 699.50±102.58e
	20072	606.70±8.50d	34.83±0.63c	36.20±0.21d	21.13±0.15d	6 416.03±70.59f
	20064	554.67±19.86e	32.58±0.33d	36.16±0.44d	18.08±0.83f	5 484.04±198.24g
	JM22	669.31±2.65a	34.42±0.10c	44.79±0.36a	23.04±0.10b	8 769.51±9.64a
2021-2022	QYZ-1	672.75±19.82ab	38.04±0.61ab	40.20±0.45bc	25.59±0.35b	8587.29±210.09b
	QYZ-2	697.65±37.32a	38.42±1.19ab	35.10±0.40e	26.78±0.70a	7845.09±115.54c
	SNZM1	697.65±37.32a	38.42±1.19ab	35.10±0.40e	26.78±0.70a	7845.09±115.54c
	ND3753	689.47±27.27ab	31.38±1.42e	41.11±0.71b	21.56±0.32d	7399.13±62.65d
	20072	641.39±5.34bc	36.41±1.13bc	36.72±0.71d	23.36±0.81c	7157.10±113.12d
	20064	615.93±5.08c	33.80±0.09d	36.46±0.10d	20.82±0.22d	6336.06±58.83e
	JM22	691.33±5.91ab	34.76±0.14cd	46.28±0.59a	24.03±0.16c	9283.76±177.24a
显著性检验	品种V	23.00^**	58.45^**	319.09^**	160.47^**	311.25^**
Significance test	年份Y	41.84^*	1.53NS	21.22^**	153.50^**	195.72^**
	V×Y	1.29^NS	1.22^NS	6.59^**	3.06^*	3.54^*

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