摘要： 明确花生生长发育的适宜土壤容重和探究土壤容重影响花生生长的作用机制，为花生高产耕作栽培体系的建立提供依据。采用柱栽的方法，设置0~20 cm和21~40 cm土层土壤容重分别为1.2，1.3、1.2，1.4、1.2，1.5、1.3，1.3、1.3，1.4、1.3，1.5 g/cm³ 6个处理，模拟大田不同土层容重的实际存在状况，研究了土壤容重对花生结荚期氮、磷、钾、钙吸收与分配的影响。结果表明，在0~20 cm土层土壤容重相同的条件下，花生茎秆、叶片、根系、果壳、果仁和果针的氮、磷、钾、钙含量和积累量均随着21~40 cm土层土壤容重的增大而逐渐降低。在21~40 cm土层土壤容重相同的条件下，0~20 cm土层土壤容重1.2，1.3 g/cm³处理花生茎秆、叶片、根系、果壳、果仁和果针的生物产量、氮、磷、钾、钙含量和积累量互有高低。各器官总生物产量表现为处理T33 > T23 > T34 > T24 > T35 > T25，各器官氮、磷、钾、钙含量和积累量高低表现不同，含氮量表现为根 > 果仁 > 叶 > 果针 > 果壳 > 茎，含磷量表现为根 > 果仁 > 果壳 > 果针 > 叶 > 茎，含钾量表现为根 > 果壳 > 茎 > 果仁 > 果针 > 叶，含钙量表现为叶片 > 根 > 果针 > 果壳 > 茎 > 果仁；氮积累量表现为叶 > 果仁 > 果壳 > 茎 > 根 > 果针，磷积累量表现为叶 > 果仁 > 茎 > 果壳 > 根 > 果针，钾积累量表现为叶 > 茎 > 果壳 > 果仁 > 根 > 果针，钙积累量表现为叶 > 果壳 > 茎 > 果仁 > 根 > 果针。土壤容重对花生氮、磷、钾和钙吸收积累的影响程度存在差异；0~20 cm和21~40 cm不同土层土壤容重组合对N、P、K、Ca的积累量可以产生交互影响。利于花生吸收积累矿质营养元素的土壤容重组合为0~20 cm土层土壤容重1.2~1.3 g/cm³与21~40 cm土层土壤容重1.3 g/cm³左右。

关键词: 花生, 土壤容重, 结荚期, 养分积累, 分配

Abstract: In order to determine the suitable soil bulk density for peanut growth and development,and explore the effect mechanism of soil bulk density on peanut growth,the purpose was to provide basis for the establishment of high yield cultivation system for peanut.Using the method of column planted,setting the 0-20 cm and 21-40 cm soil bulk density with 6 treatments to simulate the actual conditions of bulk density in different soil layers,just as 1.2 and 1.3,1.2 and 1.4,1.2 and 1.5,1.3 and 1.3,1.3 and 1.4,1.3 and 1.5 g/cm³,respectively,the effects of soil bulk density on the uptake and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and calcium in peanut pods were studied.The results showed that the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and calcium in peanut stem,leaf,root,nut,fruit shell and fruit needle,biomass yield,were decreased with the increased of soil bulk density in 21-40 cm soil layer under the same soil bulk density of 0-20 cm soil layer.In the 21-40 cm soil bulk density under the same conditions,0-20 cm soil bulk density of 1.2,1.3 g/cm³ of peanut stem,leaf,root,fruit shell,nut and fruit needle,biomass yield,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,the total biological yield of each organ were as follows:T33 > T23 > T34 > T24 > T35 > T25,calcium content and accumulation mutual high and low,the difference was not significant.The content and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium in different organs were different.The nitrogen content was root > nut > leaf > fruit needle > fruit shell > stem,and phosphorus content was root > nut > fruit shell > fruit needle > leaf > stem,the potassium content was root > fruit shell > stem > nut > fruit needle > leaf,calcium content was leaf > nut > fruit needles > fruit shell > stem > nut;nitrogen accumulation was leaf > nut > fruit shell > stem > root > fruit needle,phosphorus accumulation was leaf > nut > stem > fruit shell > root > fruit needle,potassium(K) accumulation was leaf > stem > fruit shell > nut > root > fruit needle,calcium accumulation was leaf > fruit shell > stem > nut > root > fruit needle.The effects of soil bulk density on the uptake and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and calcium in peanut were different.Soil bulk density combinations of 0-20 cm and 21-40 cm had interactive effects on the accumulation of N,P,K and Ca.The soil bulk density which is beneficial to peanut absorption and accumulation of mineral nutrient elements is 0-20 cm,and the soil bulk density is 1.2-1.3 g/cm³ and 21-40 cm,the soil bulk density is about 1.3 g/cm³.

Key words: Peanut, Soil bulk density, Pod bearing period, Nutrient accumulation, Distribution

中图分类号: 

• S143