摘要： 氮素是植物的重要营养元素之一，参与植物的多种生理代谢过程。近年来，越来越多的研究表明，氮在调节植物对非生物逆境胁迫的适应中起到重要作用。氮的吸收、分配、同化等多个生理过程调控植物对逆境的适应，光呼吸的保护功能也与氮代谢有密切联系。氮提高植物逆境适应能力的机理主要与增加植物的水分传导、调节气孔开闭、节省能量或增加热能耗散、增强渗透调节和抗氧化能力、维持离子平衡等有关。逆境下氮营养变化诱导植物激素、活性氮氧化合物等信号分子通路，但植物氮信号与逆境信号之间的相互作用在提高植物逆境适应中的分子作用机制仍有待进一步的研究。

关键词: 氮分配, 氮同化, 逆境适应, 信号转导

Abstract: Nitrogen(N)is one of the important nutrient elements for plants,participating in multiple processes of physiological metabolism in plants. In recent years,increasing studies have shown that N plays important roles in regulating the adaptation of plants to abiotic stresses such as drought,high temperature,salt stress,etc. The regulation of N nutrition in plant stress acclimation involved in the physiological processes of N uptake,allocation and assimilation. The protective function of photorespiration was also closely related to N metabolism in plants. The mechanisms that N improves the stress adaptability of plants were relation to the improvement of water conductance,regulation of stomatal closure,energy saving or enhanced thermal energy dissipation,increased osmotic regulation and antioxidative capacity,and maintenance of ionic equilibrium. The variation of N nutrition under stress conditions induced the pathways of signaling molecules phytohormone and reactive nitrogen and oxygen species(RNOS). However,further studies were required on the molecular mechanism that the interaction between plant N signaling and stress signaling in improving the stress-acclimation of plants.

Key words: Nitrogen allocation, Nitrogen assimilation, Stress acclimation, Signal transformation

中图分类号: 

• S143.1