氮磷配施对玉米-大豆带状套作系统中土壤酶活性及速效养分的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190452

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究玉米-大豆带状套作体系下不同施肥处理对玉米养分积累、土壤酶活性及土壤速效养分的影响，应用田间小区试验设置不同供氮（0，120，180，240 kg/hm²，记为N0、N1、N2、N3）和供磷水平（0，35，70，105 kg/hm²，记为P0、P1、P2、P3），以单作玉米（施氮水平：N0、N2，施磷水平：P0、P2）为对照。结果表明，玉米-大豆带状套作模式较玉米单作施氮磷的增效作用更明显，分别提高了20.16%和20.60%。套作玉米中，各氮磷处理对土壤酶活性及速效养分有影响，相同磷素水平下，土壤脲酶活性和碱解氮含量随施氮量的增加先增后减，于施氮180 kg/hm²时最高，土壤磷酸酶活性则受到抑制，有效磷含量较不施氮降低；相同氮素水平下，随施磷量的增加，土壤脲酶、土壤酸性磷酸酶活性及土壤有效磷含量呈增加趋势，碱解氮含量先增后减。相关分析表明，氮磷互作下土壤脲酶活性与土壤碱解氮含量呈极显著正相关关系（r=0.636~0.812），与玉米氮磷积累呈正相关；土壤酸性磷酸酶活性与土壤有效磷及植株吸磷量呈正相关，尤其与有效磷含量存在极显著关系（r=0.634~0.851）。综上，玉米-大豆带状套作模式下，由于种间效应和氮磷互作共同作用，活化了根际土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶，提高土壤碱性氮含量和土壤有效磷含量，利于玉米植株氮、磷素的累积。本试验研究范围内，套作模式下玉米氮磷配施以氮减至180 kg/hm²、磷减至70 kg/hm²时，效应最佳。

关键词: 玉米-大豆套作, 氮磷配施, 玉米养分积累, 土壤酶活性, 土壤速效养分

Abstract: To exploring the effects of fertilization treatment on corn nutrient accumulation, soil enzyme activity and soil available nutrient in maize-soybean intercropping system. Four nitrogen levels (N0 (0), N1 (120 kg/ha), N2 (180 kg/ha), N3 (240 kg/ha)) and four levels of phosphorus(P0 (0), P1 (35 kg/ha), P2 (70 kg/ha), P3 (105 kg/ha))were used in this study. The result showed that compared with maize monoculture, maize-soybean intercropping system had more obvious synergistic effect, which was 20.16% and 20.60%, respectively.In intercropping maize, nitrogen and phosphorus treatments had effection soil enzyme activity and soil available nutrient. At the same level of phosphorus, soil urease activity and soil available nitrogen content first increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application amount, and the highest value was reached when nitrogen application was 180 kg/ha, soil phosphatase activity was inhibited and the content of available phosphorus was lower than that without nitrogen application. Under the same nitrogen level, soil urease, soil acid phosphatase activity and soil available phosphorus content increased with the increase of phosphorus application amount, and the content of available nitrogen increased first and then decreased.Correlation analysis showed that soil urease activity was positively correlated with soil available nitrogen content (r=0.636-0.812), and positively correlated with nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in maize.Soil acid phosphatase activity was positively correlated with soil available phosphorus and plant phosphorus uptake, especially with the content of available phosphorus (r=0.634-0.851).In conclusion, under the maize-soybean intercropping system, due to the interspecific effect and the interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus,the activities of urease and acid phosphatase in rhizosphere soil were increased, the contents of basic nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil were increased, and the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in maize was improved. Within the range of this experiment, the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus with nitrogen reduced to 180 kg/ha and phosphorus to 70 kg/ha in the intercropping system was the best.

Key words: Maize-soybean relay intercropping system, Nitrogen and phosphorus application, Maize nutrients uptake, Soil enzyme activities, Soil available nutrient

中图分类号:

陈虹, 文熙宸, 曾瑾汐, 蒲甜, 杨文钰, 王小春. 氮磷配施对玉米-大豆带状套作系统中土壤酶活性及速效养分的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(2): 133-143. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190452.

CHEN Hong, WEN Xichen, ZENG Jinxi, PU Tian, YANG Wenyu, WANG Xiaochun. Effects of Combined Applications of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Soil Enzyme Activities and Soil Available Nutrition in Maize-soybean Relay Intercropping System[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(2): 133-143. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190452.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2020/V35/I2/133

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