摘要： 为了从源头上控制农田土壤重金属污染，通过田间定位试验和室内分析测定相结合的方法，研究了连续7年施用鸡、猪废弃物堆肥对土壤和小麦重金属铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）积累及土壤Cu、Zn有效性的影响规律。结果表明，施用相同量的鸡粪土壤有效Cu占全Cu的比例低于猪粪，土壤有效Zn占全Zn的比例高于猪粪。除连续7年施用鸡粪45，60 t/hm²的处理土壤全Zn含量均超过国家土壤环境质量二级标准限值，其余施肥处理土壤Cu、Zn含量均未超标。与施用化肥（CK）相比，连续7年施用鸡粪60 t/hm²的处理小麦籽粒中Zn含量显著增加，为99.72%，连续7年施用猪粪60 t/hm²的处理小麦籽粒中Cu含量显著增加，为29.83%。通过分别对不同鸡粪和猪粪施用量与土壤Cu、Zn含量之间的关系用数学模型模拟，发现二者符合线性相关关系，且达到极显著相关。根据国家土壤环境质量标准规定的土壤Cu限值，推算出鸡粪、猪粪有机肥的安全施用量分别为2 386.26，616.10 t/hm²。当土壤Zn含量达到国家土壤环境质量标准限值时，推算出鸡粪、猪粪有机肥的安全用量分别为205.18，993.89 t/hm²。

关键词: 鸡猪废弃物, 堆肥, 土壤, 小麦, 重金属, 积累

Abstract: In order to control soil heavy metal pollution from the source,the effects of continuous application for seven years of chicken and pig waste compost on the heavy metals accumulation of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) elements in soil and wheat,and the soil available Cu,Zn content were studied by the method of field location test and indoor analysis.The results showed that ratio of the soil available Cu to total Cu content of the same chicken waste compost application rate was lower than that of pig manure,and ratio of the soil available Zn to total Zn content was higher than that of pig manure.In addition to the treatment of application rate of 45,60 t/ha chicken manure for seven consecutive years soil total Zn content exceeded the limit value of the National Soil Environmental Quality Second Standard,soil Cu,Zn content of the rest treatment was not exceeded.Compared with applying fertilizer (CK),the Zn content in the wheat grains was increased for seven consecutive years of 60 t/ha chicken manure treatment,was 99.72%,the Cu content in the wheat grains of 60 t/ha pig manure treatment was increased,was 29.83%.The relationship between the rates of different chicken waste and pig waste compost and the contents of Cu and Zn in soil could be simulated by mathematical model.It was found that both correlative coefficient attained very significant level.According to the soil Cu limit value stipulated by the Second Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils(GB15618-1995),the safe application rate of chicken manure and pig manure were calculated as 2 386.26,616.10 t/ha,respectively.When the soil Zn content reaches the limit value of the Second Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils,the safe application rate of chicken manure and pig manure dosage was calculated as 205.18,993.89 t/ha,respectively.

Key words: Chicken and pig waste, Compost, Soil, Wheat, Heavy metal, Accumulation

中图分类号: 

• S141