两种改良剂对北方石灰性土壤中镉的钝化及小白菜生长的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192453

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨沸石及钙镁基膨润土对北方石灰性土壤中镉的钝化效果以及小白菜生长的影响,采用盆栽试验,研究了不同添加剂量下(沸石:0.5%,1.0%,2.0%;钙镁基膨润土:0.2%,0.3%,0.4%,0.5%,0.6%,0.8%)2种改良剂对北方石灰性镉污染土壤的pH值、有效镉含量,小白菜地上部镉含量、干物质积累量及叶绿素含量等指标的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,添加不同剂量沸石会提升土壤pH值,随着沸石施用剂量的增加,土壤有效镉含量、小白菜地上部镉含量、干物质积累量及叶绿素含量逐渐下降,小白菜发芽率逐步上升,但各沸石处理对试验中测定指标的影响均不显著;施用钙镁基膨润土会显著提高土壤pH值(0.70~1.07)、降低小白菜地上部镉含量(63.83%~93.62%),不同程度地提高小白菜地上部干物质积累量(5.56%~29.22%)和叶绿素含量(5.42%~11.72%),施用较高剂量(≥ 0.4%)可显著降低土壤有效镉含量,但小白菜发芽率会显著降低,抑制种子萌发。研究表明,较沸石而言,钙镁基膨润土更适合北方石灰性土壤中镉的钝化;通过施用钙镁基膨润土可以降低污染土壤中有效镉含量及小白菜地上部镉含量,但施用量需严格把控,避免影响小白菜的萌发而造成减产;综合质量和产量因素分析,当添加剂量为0.3%时,钙镁基膨润土可以在有效减少小白菜地上部镉含量的同时,增加小白菜地上部干物质积累量和叶绿素含量。

关键词: 小白菜, 石灰性土壤, 镉, 沸石, 膨润土

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of zeolite and Ca-Mg-based bentonite on the passivation of cadmium in calcareous soil in Northern China and the growth of pakchoi,a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of two modifiers(mass fraction of zeolite was 0.5%,1.0%,2.0% and mass fraction of calcium-magnesium bentonite was 0.2%,0.3%,0.4%,0.5%,0.6%,0.8%)on pH value,available cadmium content of calcareous cadmium-contaminated soil in Northern China and cadmium content,dry matter accumulation and chlorophyll content of aboveground part of pakchoi.The results showed that compared with the control,adding different doses of zeolite could increase the soil pH value.With the increasing of zeolite application dose,the available cadmium content of soil,the aboveground cadmium content,the dry matter accumulation and chlorophyll content of pakchoi decreased gradually.The germination rate of pakchoi increased gradually,but the effects of zeolite treatments on the indexes determined in the experiment were not significant.The application of Ca-Mg-based bentonite significantly increased the soil pH value(0.70—1.07)and decreased the Cd content in the aboveground part of pakchoi(63.83%—93.62%).The aboveground dry matter accumulation(5.56%—29.22%)and chlorophyll content(5.42%—11.72%)of pakchoi increased,and the soil available cadmium content significantly decreased by a higher dose(≥0.4%).However,the germination rate of pakchoi decreased significantly and inhibited germination.The research showed that Ca-Mg-based bentonite was more suitable for the passivation of cadmium in calcareous soil in Northern China than zeolites.The content of available cadmium in calcareous soil and the content of cadmium in the aboveground part of pakchoi could reduce by applying Ca-Mg-based bentonite.However,the amount of application should be strictly controlled to avoid affecting the germination of pakchoi and reducing yield.The comprehensive analysis of quality and yield factors showed that the addition of 0.3% Ca-Mg-based bentonite could effectively reduce the aboveground cadmium content of pakchoi and increase the aboveground dry matter accumulation and chlorophyll content of pakchoi.

Key words: Pakchoi, Calcareous soil, Cadmium, Zeolite, Bentonite

马杰, 孙向阳, 索琳娜, 王磊, 孙娜, 许宁, 李佳. 两种改良剂对北方石灰性土壤中镉的钝化及小白菜生长的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(2): 152-159. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192453.

MA Jie, SUN Xiangyang, SUO Linna, WANG Lei, SUN Na, XU Ning, LI Jia. Effects of Two Modifiers on Passivation of Cadmium in Calcareous Soil in Northern China and Growth of Pakchoi[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(2): 152-159. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192453.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/I2/152

图/表 5

表1 不同添加量改良剂对土壤pH值的影响

Tab.1 Effects of different amount of modifiers on pH value of soil

改良剂材料 Soil modifier	处理 Treatment	土壤pH值 Soil pH value
沸石	F1	7.83±0.10d
Zeolite	F2	7.80±0.10d
	F3	7.87±0.08d
钙镁基膨润土	T1	8.43±0.06c
Ca-Mg-based	T2	8.60±0.10b
bentonite	T3	8.67±0.06ab
	T4	8.70±0.10ab
	T5	8.73±0.06ab
	T6	8.80±0.10a
	CK	7.73±0.10d

图1 不同添加量改良剂对土壤有效镉含量的影响
同一组不同字母表示各处理间在5%水平差异显著(P<0.05)。图2—4同。

Fig.1 Effects of different amount of modifiers on soil available Cd content
Different letters in the same group indicated significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level.The same as Fig.2—4.

图2 不同添加量改良剂对小白菜种子发芽率的影响

Fig.2 Effects of different amount of modifiers on germination rate of pakchoi

图3 不同添加量改良剂对小白菜地上部干物质积累量及叶绿素含量的影响

Fig.3 Effects of different amount of modifiers on aboveground dry matter accumulation and chlorophyll content of pakchoi

图4 不同添加量改良剂对小白菜地上部镉含量的影响

Fig.4 Effects of different amount of modifiers on aboveground Cd content of pakchoi

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