摘要： 磷是植物生长必需的营养元素，但磷肥的当季利用率较低，大部分被土壤固定形成难溶性的磷酸盐。农业生产中过量的磷肥投入又造成了生态环境的污染，而磷矿资源作为一种非可再生资源，过量的开采也会导致日益匮乏，逐步走向枯竭。所以如何提高土壤难溶性磷的利用率成为研究的难点问题，解磷微生物由于可以转化土壤中的无效磷被作物吸收利用，同时具有改善土壤、生态无污染等优点而受到广泛关注。为了掌握国内外解磷微生物的研究和应用状况，从而为解磷微生物在土壤磷资源利用方面提供理论支持，本研究对土壤中解磷微生物的种类、土壤分布特点、解磷机理以及应用现状进行了系统概述，并对未来的研究趋势进行了展望。虽然目前对解磷微生物的研究经历了较长时间，但研究基础比较薄弱，应用研究还不够完善，尤其是在农业应用领域的研究还不够深入，解磷微生物肥料的研制处于初始阶段，仍有待于进一步研究。综上所述，开展解磷微生物研究具有较好的应用前景，对于提高土壤磷素吸收利用、改善土壤生态环境等具有重要的指导意义。

关键词: 磷素, 解磷微生物, 解磷机理, 应用

Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential mineral elements for plant growth,however,there is low P fertilizer use efficiency in the season,most of them are immobilized to insoluble phosphates. Excessive input of phosphorus fertilizer in agricultural production has caused environmental pollution. Further more,as a non-renewable resource,excessive exploitation of phosphate rock resources will lead to increasing scarcity. Therefore,the issue about the efficient utilization of soil P by crops has become the difficult research spot. Phosphate-Solubilizing-Microorganisms (PSM) in the soil could dissolve insoluble phosphate and transform them into soluble phosphorus that could be utilized by plants,so it has been received recent attention. In order to understand the research and application status of PSM in home and abroad,and to provide theoretical support for PSM in the utilization of soil phosphorus resources. The paper summarized the varieties,ecological distribution,the dissolving mechanisms and applications of PSM. Although the research on PSM has gone through a long time,the research foundation is still weak and the application research is not perfect. Especially in the field of agricultural applications,the research on PSM fertilizers is still in the initial stage. In summary,the research on PSM has important guiding significance for improving soil phosphorus uptake and soil ecological environment.

Key words: Phosphorus, Phosphate-Solubilizing-Microorganisms, Mechanism of dissolving phosphorus, Applications

中图分类号: 

• S143.2