摘要： 为明确不同磷效率小麦磷素吸收利用差异原因。利用“国家潮土肥力与肥料效益长期监测站”平台，研究磷高效品种许科168、磷低效品种兰考198在2种磷水平下（P0、P1分别代表低磷、正常磷处理）的根生物量、根系形态、根系活力以及磷素转运能力的差异。结果表明，相同处理，根干质量、根长、根表面积、根体积大体上表现为许科168大于兰考198。P0处理，根系平均直径表现为许科168小于兰考198。除越冬期，P1处理根系平均直径表现为许科168高于兰考198。相同处理，许科168根系活力高于兰考198。孕穗期两品种根活力差异最大，P0处理许科168是兰考198的1.36倍，P1处理下许科168是兰考198的1.34倍。相同处理，许科168籽粒产量、花前磷素转运量、花后磷素吸收量对籽粒磷素贡献率显著高于兰考198，而花前磷素转运量对籽粒磷素贡献率为许科168低于兰考198。与P1相比，P0处理2种磷效率小麦品种的根干质量、根长、根表面积、根体积、根系平均直径、籽粒产量、根系活力、植株磷素积累量、花前磷素转运量、花后磷素吸收量、花后磷素吸收量对籽粒磷素贡献率降低，而根冠比、花前磷素吸收量对籽粒磷素贡献率增加。磷高效品种许科168具有较高的根系活力、根系生物量、发达的根系，是作物吸收磷素的基础。磷低效品种兰考198由于生育前期根系生物量较小、生育后期根冠比较小、根系活力弱导致吸收磷素不足，从而造成磷效率低。综上，较高的磷素转运能力、籽粒分配能力以及合理的根冠比促进作物对磷素的利用，这是作物磷高效的重要因素。

关键词: 小麦, 根系形态, 根系活力, 根生物量, 磷效率, 磷素转运, 产量

Abstract: To clarify the reasons for differences in phosphorus(P) absorption and utilization in wheat with different P efficiency.Useing the platform National Long-term Monitoring Station for Chao Soil Fertility,to study the P-efficient cultivar Xuke 168 and the P-inefficient cultivar Lankao 198 differences in the root biomass, root morphology, root activity and P transport capacity under two P levels (P0 and P1 represent low P and normal P treatments,respectively).The results showed that the root dry quality, root length, root surface area, root volume generally showed that Xuke 168 was greater than Lankao 198 in the same treatment.Under P0 treatment, the root average diameter of Xuke 168 was smaller than that of Lankao 198. Except for the overwintering stage, the root average diameter of Xuke 168 was higher than that of Lankao 198 under P1 treatment. In the same treatment, the root activity of Xuke 168 was higher than that of Lankao 198.At booting stage, the root activity difference between the two cultivars was the biggest.Xuke 168 was 1.36 times that of Lankao 198 under P0 treatment, and 1.34 times that of Lankao 198 under P1 treatment. Under the same treatment, grain yield, pre-anthesis phosphorus transport and the contribution rate of post-anthesis phosphorus uptake to grain phosphorus of Xuke 168 was significantly higher than that of Lankao 198, and the contribution rate of pre-anthesis phosphorus transport to grain phosphorus of Xuke 168 was lower than that of Lankao 198. Compared with P1, the root dry quality, root length, root surface area, root volume, average root diameter, grain yield, root activity, plant P accumulation, pre-flower P transport, P uptake after anthesis and the contribution rate of post-anthesis P uptake to grain P decreased, while root-shoot ratio and the contribution of pre-anthesis P uptake to grain P increased.The P-efficient cultivar Xuke 168 has high root vitality, root biomass and developed root system,which is the basis for the absorption of P. P-inefficient cultivar Lankao 198 lacks P absorption due to its small root biomass in the early growth period, smaller root caps in the late growth period, and weak root activity, resulting in P-inefficient. In summary, higher P transport capacity, grain distribution capacity and reasonable root-shoot ratio promote the utilization of P by crops, which are important factors for crop P efficiency.

Key words: Wheat, Root morphology, Root activity, Root biomass, P efficiency, P transfer, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S143.2