摘要： 土壤质量是作物产量的重要影响因素之一，而秸秆还田及合理施肥是调节土壤质量的关键措施。为探究提升土壤质量以及小麦产量的最佳秸秆还田与施氮互作方式，选用晋麦106号为供试材料，于山西汾阳开展长期定位试验，通过裂区试验，主区设置无还田、半量还田和全量还田3个秸秆还田水平，副区设置全量施氮、80%施氮、不施氮3个施氮量水平，研究秸秆还田与施氮量对土壤质量及小麦产量的影响。结果显示，相同处理下，0～20 cm土层土壤容重低于20～40 cm土层；秸秆还田与施氮互作下，秸秆还田量增加，土壤容重下降；其中，秸秆全量还田且全量施氮肥（SF1）处理时10～20 cm土层土壤容重最低；不同处理下土壤有机碳、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、全氮以及全磷等养分层化比存在差异；SF1处理下，养分层化比最小，该互作条件对0～40 cm土层养分含量影响均较显著（P<0.05）；SF1处理下，土壤过氧化氢酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性最高；秸秆全量还田且80%施氮（SF0.8）、SF1条件下产量显著高于其他处理条件（P<0.05），其中，SF1条件下产量最高。合理配比下进行秸秆还田与施氮互作，可明显提升土壤质量，增加小麦产量。

关键词: 小麦产量, 秸秆还田, 施氮量, 裂区试验, 土壤质量

Abstract: Soil quality is one of the important influencing factors of crop yield, and straw returning and reasonable fertilization are key measures to adjust soil quality. In order to explore the best interaction between straw returning and nitrogen application to improve soil quality and wheat yield,Jinmai 106 was selected as the test material, and a long-term positioning experiment was carried out in Fenyang, Shanxi. Through the Split-field test, the main area had set three levels of straw return:no return, half return, and full return, and the subsidiary area had three levels of nitrogen application:full nitrogen, 80% nitrogen, and no nitrogen. To study the effects of straw returning and nitrogen application on soil quality and wheat yield. The results showed that under the same treatment, the soil bulk density of 0-20 cm soil layer was lower than that of 20-40 cm soil layer. Under the interaction of straw returning and nitrogen application, the amount of straw returning increased and the soil bulk density decreased. Among them, the soil bulk density of the 10-20 cm soil layer was the lowest when the straw was returned to the field and the nitrogen fertilizer (SF1) was applied in full. There were differences in soil organic carbon, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen and total phosphorus under different treatments. Under the SF1 treatment, the nutrient stratification ratio was the smallest, and the effect of this interaction on the nutrient content of the 0-40 cm soil layer was significant(P<0.05). Under SF1 treatment, soil catalase activity and alkaline phosphatase activity were the highest. The yield of straw returning under the conditions of 80% nitrogen application (SF0.8) and SF1 was significantly higher than other treatment conditions(P<0.05). Among them, the yield was the highest under SF1 conditions. The interaction of straw returning and nitrogen application at a reasonable ratio can significantly improve soil quality and increase wheat yield.

Key words: Wheat yield, Straw returning, Nitrogen application, Split-field test, Soil quality

中图分类号: 

• S143.1

• S512.2+1