施氮量和种植密度对稻茬晚播小麦干物质积累及光合特性的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20191204

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在为稻茬晚播小麦高产高效栽培提供理论依据，在大田试验条件下，研究了施氮量（0，150，225 kg/hm²）和种植密度（150×10⁴，225×10⁴，300×10⁴株/hm²）对稻茬晚播小麦旗叶光合特性及干物质积累转运的影响。研究结果表明，全生育期干物质积累量和叶面积指数（LAI）均随施氮量和种植密度的增加而增加，但拔节后干物质积累比例则随种植密度增加而降低。花后干物质积累量、花前干物质转运量均随施氮量的增加而增加，随种植密度的增加呈先增后降的变化特点。不同处理干物质转运量对籽粒产量的贡献率（CDMRG）平均约为40%，干物质转运效率（DMRE）平均约为26%；CDMRG和DMRE均随施氮量的增加而下降，随种植密度的增加亦呈先升后降的变化趋势。旗叶净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、实际光化学效率（φ_PSⅡ）、叶绿素相对含量（SPAD值）均随施氮量的增加而升高，随种植密度的增加而降低，胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）则呈相反的变化趋势。产量及产量构成因素在不同施氮量及种植密度处理下均达极显著差异水平，在本试验条件下，施氮量为225 kg/hm²、种植密度为225×10⁴株/hm²时，有利于维持稻茬晚播小麦的产量稳定，可作为长江中下游地区稻茬晚播小麦的适宜氮密组合模式。

关键词: 稻茬晚播小麦, 施氮量, 种植密度, 干物质积累转运, 旗叶光合特性

Abstract: In order to provide theoretical basis for high yield and high efficiency cultivation of late-sowing wheat in rice-wheat rotation, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of nitrogen rate(0, 150, 225 kg/ha) and planting density(150×10⁴, 225×10⁴, 300×10⁴ plant/ha) on flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and remobilization of late-sowing wheat. The results showed that both dry matter accumulation and leaf area index (LAI) increased with the raise of nitrogen rate and planting density, but the dry matter accumulation ratio decreased with the increase of planting density after jointing stage. The amount of dry matter accumulation after flowering and dry matter remobilization before flowering increased with the raise of nitrogen rate, also demonstrating the characteristic of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of planting density. The contribution of dry matter remobilization to grain (CDMRG) under different treatments was about 40% on average, and dry matter remobilization efficiency (DMRE) was 26% on average. In addition, CDMRG and DMRE both decreased with the raise of nitrogen rate, and also showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the raise of planting density. Flag leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), the maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), the actual photochemical efficiency (φ_PSⅡ) and the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) were rising along with the increase of nitrogen rate and decreasing with the planting density raise, while intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) was in an opposite tendency. The yield and yield components were significantly different under different nitrogen application and planting density. Under the conditions of this experiment, when nitrogen application rate was 225 kg/ha and planting density was 225×10⁴ plant/ha, it was conducive to achieve a stable yield for late-sowing wheat, which could be used as an appropriate nitrogen-density combination mode for late-sowing wheat in rice-wheat rotation in the middle and lower plain of the Yangtze River.

Key words: Late-sowing wheat in rice-wheat rotation, Nitrogen rate, Planting density, Dry matter accumulation and remobilization, Photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf

中图分类号:

S512.01

李欣欣, 石祖梁, 王久臣, 王飞, 徐志宇, 江荣风. 施氮量和种植密度对稻茬晚播小麦干物质积累及光合特性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(5): 140-148. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191204.

LI Xinxin, SHI Zuliang, WANG Jiuchen, WANG Fei, XU Zhiyu, JIANG Rongfeng. Effects of Nitrogen Application Amount and Planting Density on Dry Matter Accumulation and Flag Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics for Late-sowing Wheat in Rice-wheat Rotation[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(5): 140-148. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191204.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2020/V35/I5/140

参考文献

[1] 张礼军, 鲁清林, 张文涛, 白玉龙, 周刚, 汪恒兴, 杨长刚. 耕作方式和施氮量对旱地冬小麦开花后干物质转运特征、糖含量及产量的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2018, 38(12):1453-1464. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2018.12.09.
Zhang L J, Lu Q L, Zhang W T, Bai Y L, Zhou G, Wang H X, Yang C G. Effects of tillage regime and nitrogen application rate on post-anthesis dry matter remobilization, sugar content and grain yield of winter wheat in dryland[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2018, 38(12):1453-1464.
[2] 张均华, 刘建立, 吕菲, 李慧霞. 施氮对稻麦轮作区小麦地上器官干物质及氮素累积运转的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2009, 29(5):892-896. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2009.05.028.
Zhang J H, Liu J L, Lü F, Li H X. Effect of nitrogen application on accumulation and transportation of matter and nitrogen in above-ground organs of wheat in rice-wheat rotation area[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2009, 29(5):892-896.
[3] Meng W W, Yu Z W, Zhao J Y, Zhang Y L, Shi Y. Effects of supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture levels on photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, and remobilization in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars[J]. Plant Production Science, 2017, 20(2):215-226. doi:10.1080/1343943X.2017.1302307.
[4] 姜丽娜, 马静丽, 方保停, 马建辉, 李春喜, 王志敏, 蒿宝珍. 限水减氮对豫北冬小麦产量和植株不同层次器官干物质运转的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(6):957-966. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.81068.
Jiang L N, Ma J L, Fang B T, Ma J H, Li C X, Wang Z M, Hao B Z. Effect of lower water and nitrogen supply on grain yield and dry matter remo-bilization of organs in different layers of winter wheat plant in northern Henan Province[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(6):957-966.
[5] Van Herwaarden A F, Richards R A, Farquhar G D, Angus J F. ‘Haying-off’, the negative grain yield response of dryland wheat to nitrogen fertiliser Ⅲ. The influence of water deficit and heat shock[J]. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 1998, 49(7):1095-1110. doi:10.1071/A97041.
[6] Ma S C, Duan A W, Wang R, Guan Z M, Yang S J, Ma S T, Shao Y. Root-sourced signal and photosynthetic traits, dry matter accumulation and remobilization, and yield stability in winter wheat as affected by regulated deficit irrigation[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2015, 148:123-129. doi:10.1016/j.agwat. 2014.09.028.
[7] Arduini I, Masoni A, Ercoli L, Mariotti M. Grain yield, and dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and remobilization in durum wheat as affected by variety and seeding rate[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2006, 25(4):309-318. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2006.06.009.
[8] Shi Z L, Wang F, Li X, Wang J C, Zhe B, Sun R H, Jia T, Song C J. Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation as affected by nitrogen fertilization and seeding rate in winter wheats[J]. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2018, 6(3):50-59. doi:10.11648/j.ajaf.20180603.13.
[9] 叶优良, 王玲敏, 黄玉芳, 马迎辉, 李欢欢, 朱云集. 施氮对小麦干物质累积和转运的影响[J].麦类作物学报, 2012, 32(3):488-493. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2012.03.020.
Ye Y L, Wang L M, Huang Y F, Ma Y H, Li H H, Zhu Y J. Effect of nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation and translocation in wheat[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2012, 32(3):488-493.
[10] 孟维伟, 张正, 徐杰, 南镇武, 刘灵艳, 高华鑫, 郭峰, 万书波. 不同施氮量对玉米花生间作下茬小麦干物质积累及产量构成的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(4):175-180. doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2018.04.025.
Meng W W, Zhang Z, Xu J, Nan Z W, Liu L Y, Gao H X, Guo F, Wan S B. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on dry matter accumulation and yield components of following wheat which planted after maize peanut intercropping[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2018, 33(4):175-180.
[11] 石祖梁, 王飞, 顾克军, 张传辉, 顾东祥, 李想, 孙仁华, 杨四军. 氮肥运筹对稻茬小麦干物质和氮磷钾垂直分布的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2014, 29(4):226-231. doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2014.04.039.
Shi Z L, Wang F, Gu K J, Zhang C H, Gu D X, Li X, Sun R H, Yang S J. Effects of nitrogen applications on vertical distribution of dry matter, nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of winter wheat in rice-wheat rotation[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2014, 29(4):226-231.
[12] Fang Y, Xu B C, Turner N C, Li F M. Grain yield, dry matter accumulation and remobilization, and root respiration in winter wheat as affected by seeding rate and root pruning[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2010, 33(4):257-266. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2010.07.001.
[13] Wang F H, He Z H, Sayre K, Li S D, Si J S, Fang B, Kong L G. Wheat cropping systems and technologies in China[J]. Field Crops Research, 2009, 111(3):181-188. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2008.12.004.
[14] 石祖梁, 顾东祥, 顾克军, 张传辉, 张斯梅, 于建光, 杨四军. 秸秆还田下施氮量对稻茬晚播小麦土壤氮素盈亏的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(11):3185-3190. doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.20140829.003.
Shi Z L, Gu D X, Gu K J, Zhang C H, Zhang S M, Yu J G, Yang S J. Effects of nitrogen application rates on apparent soil nitrogen surplus of late sowing wheat with straw returning in rice-wheat rotation[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(11):3185-3190.
[15] 江东国, 黄正来, 张文静, 马尚宇, 樊永惠. 晚播条件下施氮量对稻茬小麦氮素吸收及产量的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2019, 39(10):1211-1221. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2019.10.10.
Jiang D G, Huang Z L, Zhang W J, Ma S Y, Fan Y H. Effects of nitrogen application on nitrogen uptake and yield of wheat under late sowing conditions after rice[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2019, 39(10):1211-1221.
[16] 马尚宇, 王艳艳, 刘雅男, 姚科郡, 黄正来, 张文静, 樊永惠, 马元山. 播期、播量和施氮量对小麦干物质积累、转运和分配及产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2020, 28(3):375-385. doi:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.190691.
Ma S Y, Wang Y Y, Liu Y N, Yao K J, Huang Z L, Zhang W J, Fan Y H, Ma Y S. Effect of sowing date, planting density, and nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation, transfer, distribution, and yield of wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2020, 28(3):375-385.
[17] 陈爱大, 蔡金华, 温明星, 李东升, 曲朝喜. 播期和种植密度对镇麦168籽粒产量与品质的调控效应[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2014, 30(1):9-13.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2014.01.002.
Chen A D, Cai J H, Wen M X, Li D S,Qu C X. Effects of sowing dates and planting densities on grain yield and quality of wheat cultivar Zhenmai 168[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 30(1):9-13.
[18] 束林华, 朱新开, 陶红娟, 曹帆, 王龙俊, 郭文善. 施氮量对弱筋小麦扬辐麦2号产量和品质调节效应[J]. 扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学报), 2007, 28(2):37-41. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-4652.2007.02.010.
Shu L H, Zhu X K, Tao H J, Cao F, Wang L J, Guo W S. Effects of nitrogen application amount on grain yield and quality in weak-gluten wheat Yangfumai 2[J]. Journal of Yangzhou University(Agricultural and Life Science Edition), 2007, 28(2):37-41.
[19] Przulj N, Momcilovic V. Genetic variation for dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and translocation in two-rowed spring barley.Ⅱ.nitrogen translocation[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2001, 15(4):255-265. doi:10.1016/s1161-0301(01)00108-3.
[20] 马东辉, 王月福, 周华, 孙虎. 氮肥和花后土壤含水量对小麦干物质积累、运转及产量的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2007,27(5):847-851. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-1041.2007.05.021.
Ma D H, Wang Y F, Zhou H, Sun H. Effect of postanthesis soil water status and nitrogen on grain yield and canopy biomass accumulation and transportation of winter wheat[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2007,27(5):847-851.
[21] 刘建辉, 孙建云, 戴廷波, 姜东, 荆奇, 曹卫星. 不同小麦进化材料生育后期光合特性和产量[J]. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(1):138-144. doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0017.
Liu J H, Sun J Y, Dai T B, Jiang D, Jing Q, Cao W X. Late-growth photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of different wheat evolutionary materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(1):138-144.
[22] Masoni A, Ercoli L, Mariotti M, Arduinia I. Post-anthesis accumulation and remobilization of dry matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in durum wheat as affected by soil type[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2007, 26(3):179-186. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2006.09.006.
[23] Hikosaka K. Interspecific difference in the photosynthesis-nitrogen relationship:patterns, physiological causes, and ecological importance[J]. Journal of Plant Research, 2004, 117:481-494. doi:10.1007/s10265-004-0174-2.
[24] Reddy R A, Chaitanya K V, Vivekanandan M. Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2004, 161(11):1189-1202. doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2004.01.013.
[25] 王之杰, 郭天财, 王化岑, 王永华. 种植密度对超高产小麦生育后期光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2001, 21(3):64-67. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-1041.2001.03.016.
Wang Z J, Guo T C, Wang H C, Wang Y H. Effect of planting density on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of super-high-yield winter wheat at late growth stages[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2001, 21(3):64-67.
[26] Tambussi E A, Nogué S S, Ferrio P, Voltas J, Araus J L. Does higher yield potential improve barley performance in Mediterranean conditions:A case study[J]. Field Crops Research, 2005, 91(2-3):149-160. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2004.06.002.
[27] 张向前, 杜世州, 曹承富, 乔玉强, 赵竹, 张耀兰. 种植密度对小麦群体质量叶绿素荧光参数和产量的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2014,32(5):93-99. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2014.05.016.
Zhang X Q, Du S Z, Cao C F, Qiao Y Q, Zhao Z, Zhang Y L. Effect of planting density on population quality, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield of wheat[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2014,32(5):93-99.
[28] 郭天财, 王书丽, 王晨阳, 张慧琴, 方保停. 种植密度对不同筋力型小麦品种荧光动力学参数及产量的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2005, 25(3):63-66. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-1041.2005.03.014.
Guo T C, Wang S L, Wang C Y, Zhang H X, Fang B T. Effect of planting density on fluorescence induction kinetic parameters in different gluten wheat cultivars[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2005, 25(3):63-66.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容