摘要： 为给稻茬麦磷素合理的施用提供理论依据，以宁麦9号和豫麦34为材料，采用大田试验研究了氮肥基追比(1：9，3：7，5：5，7：3，施氮量225 kg/hm²)对土壤速效磷时空变化、植株磷素吸收、土壤磷素平衡的影响。结果表明，拔节至开花期为植株磷素积累高峰期，植株磷素吸收随追肥比例的增加先增后降，N5/5处理积累量最高。拔节前0~40 cm土层速效磷含量随基肥比例的增加而降低，拔节后则随追肥比例的增加先降后增。表观土壤磷素盈亏呈明显的阶段特征，拔节前土壤磷素出现显著的表观盈余，拔节至成熟期则出现不同程度的表观亏缺。全生育期两品种磷素表观盈余量均以N5/5处理最低，N1/9处理较高。综合考虑小麦产量和磷素平衡特征，宁麦9号和豫麦34在105 kg/hm²的施磷量基础上可分别再降低P₂O₅用量6.5，8.4 kg/hm²，能够获得较高的小麦产量并减少磷素损失。

关键词: 氮肥运筹, 稻茬小麦, 磷积累, 土壤速效磷, 磷素平衡

Abstract: It is very important to elucidate temporal-spatial distribution of soil available phosphorus(P) content, P uptake and soil P apparent surplus amount to better utilize P fertilizer.In this study, by using two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.cv Ningmai 9 & cv Yumai 34), field experiments with different nitrogen applications (0 kg/ha and 1:9, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3 at 225 kg/ha) were conducted in Nanjing during 2010 and 2011.The results showed that P uptake peak was from jointing to anthesis, and the treatment N5/5 reached the highest.Soil available P content in 0-40 cm soil layer decreased with the increase of basal nitrogen fertilizer application before jointing, and was the lowest when the basal to topdressing fertilization ratio was at 5:5 after jointing.Soil P surpluses and deficits were obviously linked to growth-stage features.P surplus occurred from sowing to jointing, and P deficit occurred from jointing to maturity.During the whole growing season, P apparent surplus was the lowest when the basal to topdressing nitrogen fertilization ratio was at 5:5, and the highest when the basal to topdressing nitrogen fertilization ratio was at 1:9.It can be concluded that Ningmai 9 and Yumai 34 reduced P₂O₅ rate 6.5 and 8.4 kg/ha at 105 kg/ha respectively, combined application of 225 kg/ha (the basal to topdressing fertilization ratio was 5:5), which could improve grain yield and reduce loss of P in wheat production.

Key words: Nitrogen applications, Wheat following rice, Phosphorus accumulation, Soil available phosphorus, Phosphorus balance

中图分类号: 

• S143.1