摘要： 以金山27为供试品种，在2个施钾水平(K₂O 150和 300 kg/hm²)下，研究了施钾方式(一次性施入和钾肥后移)对高产春玉米钾素养分吸收、积累与转运的影响。结果表明，同一施钾水平下，钾肥后移春玉米钾素养分含量、积累量均低于钾肥一次性施入，后移量越多越明显，且前期差异更为显著。不同施钾方式间，除出苗期-拔节期外，不同生育阶段钾素养分吸收量为钾肥后移处理低于钾肥一次性施入处理，后移量越大差异越大，尤以拔节期-大喇叭口期为甚；钾肥吸收比例为钾肥后移处理在拔节期-大喇叭口期低于一次性施入处理，在大喇叭口期-吐丝期高于一次性施入处理。同一施钾水平下，吐丝前和吐丝后钾素养分吸收量及对籽粒贡献均为钾肥后移处理低于钾肥一次性施入处理，且后移量越多差异越明显，钾素养分吸收量在吐丝后差异较大，钾素积累对籽粒钾的贡献率在吐丝前差异较大。钾素后移处理叶转运量、转运率与一次性施钾处理差异不显著，茎转运量、转运率低于一次性施钾处理，后移量越多差异越明显。

关键词: 春玉米, 施肥方式, 钾素, 积累, 转运

Abstract: A maize cultivar, Jinshan 27, was used as the test material to study the effects of different potassium levels (K₂O 0, 150, 300 kg/ha) and application methods (All the base fertilizer and postponing potassium application) on potassium absorption, accumulation and translocation in high-yield spring maize.The results showed that the potassium content and accumulation in plant of postponing potassium application were lower than all the base fertilizer, and more notable more postponing potassium, and its different was remarkable at early-growth.Except form germination to jointing stage, absorption amount of potassium each growth stage of postponing potassium application were lower than all the base fertilizer, and more notable more postponing potassium, and it was significant differences from jointing to large bell stage.Potassium absorption percentage of postponing potassium application were lower than all the base fertilizer from jointing to large bell stage, and it was contrary from large bell to silking stage.Potassium absorption amount and contribution rate to grain of postponing potassium application before silking and after silking were lower than all the base fertilizer, and more notable more postponing potassium, the different of potassium absorption amount were remarkable at silking, the different of contribution rate to grain were notable at before silking.Amount of translocation and translocation rate of leaf of postponing potassium application were not significant differences, and which of stalk were lower than all the base ferti lizer, and more significant more postponing potassium.

Key words: Spring maize, Fertilizer methods, Potassium, Accumulation, Translocation

中图分类号: 

• S315