摘要： 为促进绿肥在天津地区进一步推广种植，采用田间试验，以春季闲田为对照，种植并翻压了9个春油菜品种，研究不同品种春油菜对土壤钾素含量及玉米氮代谢的影响。结果表明：不同品种春油菜生物量及养分含量间存在差异，其中，中油肥1901（7 716.50 kg/hm²）、1804（6 577.02 kg/hm²）、1907（6 457.03 kg/hm²）品种油菜生物量高于其他供试品种。2 a间，土壤全钾、速效钾含量变化趋势相同，其中，中油肥1901、1804、1907品种春油菜处理不同时期土壤全钾及速效钾含量高于其他供试品种，且2020年各处理土壤全钾及速效钾含量均高于2019年。3个品种后茬玉米整株吸钾量及公顷玉米总吸钾量均高于其他供试品种，且相比于2019年，2020年不同春油菜处理玉米整株吸钾量增加了15.70%~24.34%。2 a间不同春油菜处理穗位叶NR、GS活性分别增加了2.16~14.22 nmol/（min · g），0.99~2.30 μmol/（h · g），玉米穗位叶NR、GS活性排在前3位的处理与玉米整株吸钾量结果相同。种植并翻压春油菜后茬玉米产量增加了10.02%~33.47%，是CK的1.09~1.41倍，2 a间产量最高为15 700.94 kg/hm²（2020年中油肥1901）。由通径分析可知，穗位叶硝酸还原酶活性对玉米籽粒蛋白质含量起主要直接作用，间接作用中，叶片蛋白质含量通过叶片硝酸还原酶活性对玉米籽粒蛋白质贡献最大。由相关分析可知，油菜全钾、土壤钾素、玉米吸钾量、玉米叶片氮代谢关键酶及玉米叶片蛋白质含量、玉米籽粒蛋白质含量间呈显著和极显著正相关。

关键词: 春油菜, 土壤钾素, 玉米氮代谢, 通径分析, 相关分析

Abstract: In order to promote the further promotion of green manure planting in Tianjin, a field experiment was adopted, and 9 spring Brassica napus L. varieties were overturned with spring fallow fields as a control to study the effects of different spring Brassica napus L. on soil potassium content and maize nitrogen metabolism.The results showed that there were differences in the biomass and nutrient content of different spring Brassica napus L. varieties. Among them, Zhongyoufei 1901(7 716.50 kg/ha), 1804(6 577.02 kg/ha), and 1907(6 457.03 kg/ha) had higher biomass and nutrient content.The change trend of soil total potassium and available potassium in 2019 was the same as 2020. Among them, the content of total potassium and available potassium in the soil under the treatment of spring Brassica napus L. of Zhongyoufei 1901, 1804, and 1907 was higher than that of other tested varieties in different periods, and the total potassium and available potassium content of soil in 2020 were higher than those in 2019.The potassium uptake by the whole plant of maize and the total potassium uptake by the hectare of the three varieties of maize were higher than those of other tested varieties. Compared with 2019, the potassium uptake of the whole plant of maize treated with different spring Brassica napus L. in 2020 increased by 15.70%-24.34%;the NR and GS activities of the ear leaves in different spring Brassica napus L. treatments increased by 2.16-14.22 nmol/(min · g), 0.99-2.30 μmol/(h · g), respectively. The top 3 NR and GS activities of the maize ear leaves were the same as the potassium uptake of the whole maize plant. Compared with spring fallow, spring Brassica napus L. treatments' yield of maize increased by 10.02%-33.47%, which was 1.09-1.41 times of the spring fallow, and the highest yield in two years was 15 700.94 kg/ha (2020 Zhongyoufei 1901). It could be seen from the path analysis that the nitrate reductase activity of the leaf at the ear position had a direct effect on the protein content of corn grains.In the indirect effect, leaf protein content contributed the most to maize grain protein through leaf nitrate reductase activity.Correlation analysis showed that there were significant and extremely significant positive correlations among Brassica napus L. total potassium, soil potassium, maize potassium uptake, key enzymes in maize leaf nitrogen metabolism, maize leaf protein content, and maize grain protein content.

Key words: Spring Brassica napus L., Soil potassium, Maize nitrogen metabolism, Path analysis, Correlation analysis

中图分类号: 

• S513

• S158