畦田补灌对冬小麦产量形成及水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192555

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确畦灌条件下不同灌水时期和灌水次数对冬小麦产量形成及水分利用的调控效应,于2018-2019年,2019-2020年开展大田试验,设置4个补灌处理:出苗后整个生育期间不灌水(W0)、拔节水(W1)、拔节水+开花水(W2)、返青水+拔节水+开花水(W3)。结果表明,在播种期水分管理一致的条件下,2个年度冬小麦单位面积穗数、穗粒数均随着补灌次数的增加而增加,处理间差异达到了显著水平;千粒质量年度间差异较大,且与花前同化物输入籽粒量呈显著正相关。2018-2019年,W3处理的籽粒产量达到了10 100.05 kg/hm²,与W2处理之间差异不显著,但均显著高于其他处理;2019-2020年,W3处理的籽粒产量为9 604.00 kg/hm²,显著高于其他补灌处理,水分利用效率和灌溉水效益则显著低于其他补灌处理。W1与W2处理水分利用效率差异不显著,但均高于其他处理。相关分析表明,籽粒产量与花后同化物输入籽粒量及花后同化物对籽粒的贡献率均呈显著正相关。综上所述,小麦生育期灌水时期和次数应结合播种期的土壤墒情和关键生育时期的降水量综合考虑,在播种期足墒条件下,补灌拔节水和开花水可实现产量与水分利用效率的协同提高。

关键词: 冬小麦, 畦灌, 产量, 干物质积累与转运, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

In order to clarify the regulating effects of different irrigation stages and irrigation times under border irrigation on wheat yield formation and water use efficiency of winter wheat,field experiments were established in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020,and four supplemental irrigation treatments were set up:no-irrigation after emergence(W0),irrigation at jointing stage(W1),irrigation at jointing and anthesis stages(W2),irrigation at rejuvenation,jointing and anthesis stages(W3).The results showed that the spike number and grains per spike of winter wheat increased with the increase of irrigation times under the condition of consistent water management during the sowing period in the two years,and there was a significant difference between treatments. The 1 000-grain weight varied significantly in different years,and it was significantly positively correlated with the amount of pre-anthesis dry matter remobilization.In 2018-2019,the grain yield of W3 treatment reached 10 100.05 kg/ha,with no significant difference compared with W2 treatment,but they were all significantly higher than the other treatments.The grain yield of W3 treatment in 2019-2020 was 9 604.00 kg/ha,significantly higher than other treatments,while the water use efficiency and irrigation benefit were significantly lower than other treatments.There was no significant difference in water use efficiency between W1 and W2,but both were higher than other treatments.Correlation analysis showed that grain yield was significantly positively correlated with post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and contribution of post-anthesis dry matter accumulation to grain.Therefore,irrigation stage and frequency during wheat growing period should be considered in conjunction with the soil moisture during the sowing period and the precipitation in the key growing stages,and supplemental irrigation at jointing and anthesis stages could achieve a synergistic increase of both yield and water use efficiency under the condition of sufficient moisture during the sowing period.

Key words: Winter wheat, Border irrigation, Grain yield, Dry matter accumulation and transportation, Water use efficiency

冯素伟, 刘朝阳, 胡铁柱, 丁位华, 王光涛, 茹振钢. 畦田补灌对冬小麦产量形成及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(3): 112-118. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192555.

FENG Suwei, LIU Chaoyang, HU Tiezhu, DING Weihua, WANG Guangtao, RU Zhengang. Effects of Border Irrigation on Yield Formation and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(3): 112-118. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192555.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/I3/112

图/表 7

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年份 Year	有机质/(g/kg) Organic matter	全氮/(g/kg) Total N	碱解氮/(mg/kg) Available N	速效钾/(mg/kg) Available K	速效磷/(mg/kg) Available P	容重/(g/cm³) Soil bulk density
2018-2019	16.58	1.19	93.62	129.63	32.30	1.40
2019-2020	14.63	1.11	88.59	118.27	28.29	1.37

年份 Year	有机质/(g/kg) Organic matter	全氮/(g/kg) Total N	碱解氮/(mg/kg) Available N	速效钾/(mg/kg) Available K	速效磷/(mg/kg) Available P	容重/(g/cm³) Soil bulk density
2018-2019	16.58	1.19	93.62	129.63	32.30	1.40
2019-2020	14.63	1.11	88.59	118.27	28.29	1.37

年份 Year	播种-越冬期 Sowing to wintering stage	越冬-拔节期 Wintering to jointing stage	拔节-开花期 Jointing to anthesis stage	开花-成熟期 Anthesis to maturity stage	全生育期 Whole growth period
2018-2019	29.4	21.3	23.6	20.2	94.5
2019-2020	65.7	34.6	13.1	17.3	130.7

年份 Year	播种-越冬期 Sowing to wintering stage	越冬-拔节期 Wintering to jointing stage	拔节-开花期 Jointing to anthesis stage	开花-成熟期 Anthesis to maturity stage	全生育期 Whole growth period
2018-2019	29.4	21.3	23.6	20.2	94.5
2019-2020	65.7	34.6	13.1	17.3	130.7

年份 Year	补灌处理 Supplemental irrigation treatment	播种期 Sowing stage	返青期 Returning green stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	开花期 Anthesis stage	总量 Total amount
2018-2019	W0	102.6				102.6
	W1	102.6		105.2		207.8
	W2	102.6		108.3	116.4	327.3
	W3	102.6	116.6	102.0	110.6	431.8
2019-2020	W0
	W1			121.6		121.6
	W2			125.0	123.2	248.2
	W3		112.4	117.5	126.3	370.4

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