摘要： 为探讨冬油菜高密度机直播条件下的适宜氮肥用量及施氮方式，选用主导品种川油36在成都平原开展了大田试验。结果表明，机直播条件下，氮肥运筹对机直播油菜籽粒产量、品质和氮肥利用率均有显著影响。油菜籽粒产量在90~225 kg/hm²随施氮量增多呈增加趋势，N135、N180和N225等处理均可获得3 000 kg/hm²以上高产水平。油菜籽粒含油量（%）随施氮量增加而下降，籽粒蛋白质含量（%）则呈增加趋势。随施氮量增加，氮肥农学利用率（27.9~15.0 kg/kg）和氮肥偏生产力（29.2~15.6 kg/kg）呈下降趋势，而氮肥贡献率（37.2%~52.5%）呈升高趋势。施氮方式对油菜产量、籽粒含油率和蛋白质含量均无显著影响。因此，在成都平原中等以上土壤肥力条件下，杂交油菜川油36高密度机直播高产优质栽培的合理施氮量为135~180 kg/hm²，并可采用氮肥一次性底施或底肥加一次追肥的施氮方式。

关键词: 冬油菜, 机直播, 氮肥运筹, 产量, 品质, 氮肥利用率

Abstract: The aim of the study was to obtain optimal nitrogen (N) fertilizer management techniques of winter rapeseed for high yield and high quality under the condition of direct-sown by machine. Two field experiments were conducted in Chengdu Plain of Sichuan Province under a rice-rapeseed rotation system. The effects of different N applied rates (0,90,135,180,225 kg/ha) in the same N application method and different N application method (single application of basal fertilizer,twice application of a basal fertilizer and a top dressing,three times of application as a basal fertilizer and two top dressings) in the same N rate (180 kg/ha) on agronomic traits,yield,quality and nitrogen fertilizer used efficiency of rapeseed Chuanyou 36 were studied.The results showed that the effects of N fertilizer management on agronomic traits,yield,quality and nitrogen fertilizer used efficiency in rapeseed were significant.Seed yield was improved with the increase of N rates (0-225 kg/ha) and high yield level (≥ 3 000 kg/ha) were obtained by N135,N180 or N225 treatment. There was an obvious trend of decrease in seed oil percent,but increase in protein percent with the increased in N applied rates. With the increased in N applied rates (90-225 kg/ha),agronomic efficiency of applied N fertilizer (27.9-15.0 kg/kg) and partial factor productivity from applied N fertilizer (29.2-15.6 kg/kg) of rapeseed were obviously or notably decreased and increased for N fertilizer contribution rate (37.2%-52.5%). No significant difference of seed yield,seed oil percent and protein percent of rapeseed were observed. Therefore,The rate of N 135-180 kg/ha and single basal or twice application of a basal fertilizer and a top dressing are suitable nitrogen fertilizer management techniques for high yield and high quality of rapeseed Chuanyou 36 under the condition of high density and direct-sown by machine and moderate soil fertility of Chengdu Plain in Sichuan Province.

Key words: Winter rapeseed, Direct-sown by machine, Nitrogen fertilizer management, Yield, Quality, Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency

中图分类号: 

• S143.1