低氮条件下施用不同形态氮素对谷子幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2017.S1.047

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确不同形态氮素对谷子幼苗叶片光合能力的影响，为谷子合理施用氮肥提供科学依据，研究了在低氮条件下施用硝态氮（NO₃^--N）、铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）以及硝酸铵（NH₄NO₃）处理下谷子幼苗的生长及叶片PSⅡ光合性能。结果表明，施用不同形态氮素均明显促进了谷子幼苗的生长，但在NO₃^--N和NH₄NO₃处理下谷子幼苗叶片的PSⅡ反应中心活性、电子传递效率及光合作用能力均明显高于NH₄⁺-N处理，而NH₄NO₃仅稍低于NO₃^--N处理。NH₄⁺-N处理下谷子幼苗叶片Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、PI_total和PI_ABS等均明显低于NO₃^--N和NH₄NO₃处理，并且与CK相比无明显差异，即施用单一NH₄⁺-N没有起到低氮胁迫下提高谷子幼苗PSⅡ性能的作用。NO₃^--N和NH₄NO₃处理下V_J、V_I和V_K均较CK有不同程度的降低，而NH₄⁺-N处理与CK无差异，说明NO₃^--N和NH₄NO₃处理促进了谷子幼苗叶片PSⅡ电子供体侧OEC活性，并且促进了PSⅡ电子受体侧的电子传递能力。不同处理下谷子幼苗叶片V_L无显著差异，说明谷子幼苗叶片的类囊体结构对低氮并不敏感。因此，在氮素贫瘠地区谷子施用氮肥应以NO₃^--N为主，或NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N配合施用，避免单一NH₄⁺-N的施用。

关键词: 谷子, 氮形态, 叶绿素荧光, PSⅡ

Abstract: In order to provide a scientific basis for rational application of nitrogen fertilizer,the effects of different forms of nitrogen on photosynthetic capacity of millet seedlings were studied. The experiment studied the application of nitrate nitrogen(NO₃^--N),ammonium nitrogen(NH₄⁺-N) and ammonium nitrate(NH₄NO₃) on the growth and PSⅡ photosynthetic characteristics in leaf of the millet seedlings under low nitrogen conditions. The results showed that the application of different forms of nitrogen significantly promoted the growth of millet seedlings. Under the treatment of NO₃^--N and NH₄NO₃,the PSⅡ reaction center activity,electron transfer efficiency and photosynthetic capacity of millet seedlings were significantly higher than NH₄⁺-N,and NH₄NO₃ only slightly less than NO₃^--N. Under NH₄⁺-N treatment,parameters including Fm,Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,PI_total and PI_ABS in leaves of millet seedlings were significantly lower than NO₃^--N and NH₄NO₃,and had no obvious difference comparing with the CK,namely the application of single NH₄⁺-N failed to improve the PSⅡ performance of millet seedlings under low nitrogen stress. Under NO₃^--N and NH₄NO₃ treatment,V_J,V_I and V_K were lower than CK in different extent,but there was no difference in NH₄⁺-N and CK which indicated that NO₃^--N and NH₄NO₃ treatment promoted the OEC activity of PSⅡ electronic donor side and the ability of transmitting electron of PSⅡ receptor side of millet seedlings. There was no significant difference between V_L under different treatments,indicating that the thylakoid structure of millet seedling leaves were not sensitive to low nitrogen. Based on these results,NO₃^--N should be mainly used for millet nitrogen fertilizer application in low nitrogen area,or used the combined application of NO₃^--N and NH₄⁺-N to avoid the application of single NH₄⁺-N.

Key words: Millet, Nitrogen form, Chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, PSⅡ

中图分类号:

孟祥馨悦, 刘丰, 崔宇婷, 王佳慧, 冯志忠, 张会慧. 低氮条件下施用不同形态氮素对谷子幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2017, 32(S1): 272-278. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.S1.047.

MENG Xiangxinyue, LIU Feng, CUI Yuting, WANG Jiahui, FENG Zhizhong, ZHANG Huihui. Effects of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics in Leaves of Millet Seedlings under Different Forms of Nitrogen Application[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2017, 32(S1): 272-278. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.S1.047.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2017/V32/IS1/272

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