高纺锤树形下2个中间砧富士苹果生长与叶片光合特性的比较

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20191389

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了明确SH1和Y-1矮化中间砧对富士苹果幼树生长及叶片光合作用的影响，为生产上矮化砧的选择利用提供理论依据，以分别嫁接在SH1和Y-1中间砧上的长富2号苹果树为材料，比较研究了2种中间砧对富士幼树生长、枝类组成和叶片光合指标的影响。结果表明，SH1、Y-1中间砧富士周年生长趋势基本一致，但Y-1春秋梢生长和新梢长度均显著低于SH1，短枝比率显著高于SH1，果实着色指数、硬度、可溶性固形物含量和固酸比均有显著提高。SH1、Y-1中间砧富士叶片净光合速率（Pn）的日变化和年动态变化趋势存在差异，生长前期SH1组合叶片Pn高于Y-1，生长后期Y-1组合叶片Pn显著高于SH1；光响应参数和叶绿素荧光参数分析表明，生长前期Y-1的光饱和点（LSP）低于SH1、光补偿点（LCP）高于SH1，非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）极显著高于SH1，光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）原初光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）、光合电子传递量子效率（ΦPSⅡ）和表观电子传递速率（ETR）极显著低于SH1，生长后期Y-1的LSP、ΦPSⅡ和ETR显著高于SH1，Y-1的叶绿素含量和净光合速率生长前期显著低于SH1，生长后期极显著高于SH1；不同中间砧木对嫁接品种生长和叶片光合特性的影响具有较大差异。Y-1中间砧富士树体矮化早花特性和易成型性均优于SH1，在生长前期Y-1中间砧富士叶片成熟滞后于SH1，叶片光合效能较低，而生长后期Y-1中间砧富士叶片光合色素积累、Fv/Fm等指标高于或显著高于SH1；总体Y-1中间砧富士叶片光合效能显著高于SH1，并能有效控制秋梢生长，有利于后期营养积累和花芽的形成。

关键词: 苹果, SH1, Y-1, 净光合速率, 叶绿素荧光

Abstract: To understand the effects of SH1 and Y-1 dwarfing interstocks on the growth and leaf photosynthesis of Fuji apple saplings, and provide theoretical basis for the selection and utilization of dwarfing interstocks in production, the Fuji Nagafu 2 apple trees grafted on SH1 and Y-1 interstocks were used to study the effects of two kinds of interstocks on the growth, branch composition and leaf photosynthetic indexes of young Fuji trees. The results showed that the annual growth trend of Fuji on SH1 and Y-1 interstocks was basically the same, but the growth of spring and autumn shoots and the length of new shoots of Y-1 were significantly lower than that of SH1, and the ratio of short branches was significantly higher than that of SH1, and the fruit color index, hardness, soluble solids and solid acid ratio significantly increased. The diurnal and annual dynamic trends of net photosynthetic rate(Pn) of Fuji Nagafu 2 were different between SH1 and Y-1 interstocks. The Pn of leaf in SH1 in the early growth period was higher than in Y-1, but the Pn of leaf in Y-1 in the later growth period was significantly higher than in SH1, analysis of light response parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed that the light saturation point(LSP) of Y-1 in the early growth period was lower than SH1, the compensation point(LCP) was higher than SH1, non photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) was significantly higher than SH1, and the primary light energy conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm), photosynthetic electron transfer quantum efficiency (ΦPSⅡ) and apparent electron transfer rate (ETR) of Y-1 were significantly lower than that of SH1 in the early growth stage, and the LSP, PSⅡ, Etr, the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of Y-1 were significantly higher than those of SH1 at the later growth stage. Different intertstocks had great effects on the growth and leaf photosynthetic characteristics of grafted varieties. Some characteristics of Fuji Nagafu 2 grafted onto Y-1 were better than that of SH1, such as dwarfing, early flowering, easy shaping. In the early growth period, the leaf maturity of Fuji Nagafu 2 in Y-1 lags behind in SH1, so the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves was low. In the late growth period, the photosynthetic pigment accumulation and Fv/Fm of leaves in Y-1 were higher or significantly higher than that of SH1, and it could effectively control the growth of autumn shoots, which was beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients and the formation of flower buds.

Key words: Apple, SH1, Y-1, Net photosynthetic rate, Chlorophyll fluorescence

中图分类号:

S661.1

王骞, 蔡华成, 王淑婷, 张小军, 高敬东, 杜学梅, 李春燕, 郝燕燕, 杨廷桢. 高纺锤树形下2个中间砧富士苹果生长与叶片光合特性的比较[J]. 华北农学报, 2021, 36(1): 108-115. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191389.

WANG Qian, CAI Huacheng, WANG Shuting, ZHANG Xiaojun, GAO Jingdong, DU Xuemei, LI Chunyan, HAO Yanyan, YANG Tingzhen. Comparision on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Fuji Apple with Two Intermediate Rootstocks under High Spindle[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2021, 36(1): 108-115. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191389.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2021/V36/I1/108

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