不同耕作方式对小麦叶片净光合速率的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20191006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了明确少耕和翻耕对小麦产量水平发挥的影响。采用4个不同基因型小麦品种：中大穗型品种泰农18和山农24，多穗型品种济麦23和济麦44，对比研究了少耕播种（Less-tillage sowing，LT）和传统翻耕播种（Ploughing sowing，PS）对小麦群体光照强度及小麦叶片净光合速率的影响。与PS处理相比，LT处理显著改善了多穗型品种小麦群体内的光分布状况，显著增加了中下位叶片的可受光照量和叶片光合速率；比较不同穗型小麦品种冠层温度发现，LT处理下多穗型品种济麦23和济麦44群体的冠层温度较PS处理显著降低，中大穗型品种泰农18和山农24在2种耕作方式下冠层温度差距不明显，说明中大穗型小麦品种更适宜采用少耕播种技术；LT处理能够显著提高中大穗型小麦品种山农24生育中后期的植被归一化指数（NDVI），充分发挥小麦群体的后期光合生产优势；LT处理较PS处理可显著提高多穗型品种济麦23和济麦44的产量。LT处理能够显著改善多穗型小麦品种的群体光分布特性，较PS处理更易发挥该技术的增产效果；选用分蘖成穗率较高、群体相对较大的多穗型品种更容易发挥LT处理的节本增效作用。

关键词: 小麦, 少耕, 光分布, 光合速率

Abstract: The purpose of this paper was to study the effects of different wheat varieties and different farming treatments on the light distribution characteristics of wheat population.Four different genotype wheat varieties:experiment with two large and medium panicle type in Tainong 18 and Shannong 24, two multiple panicle type in Jimai 23 and Jimai 44, comparative study the no-till seeding(Less-tillage sowing, LT) and conventional tillage seeding(Ploughing sowing, PS) on wheat group light intensity and the influence of wheat leaf net photosynthetic rate.Compared with PS treatment, LT treatment significantly improved the light distribution in the multiple panicle wheat population, and significantly increased the illumination amount and photosynthetic rate of the lower and middle leaves. The canopy temperature of Jimai 23 and Jimai 44 populations sown less no-tillage was significantly lower than that of ploughing sowing, but there was no significant difference between Tainong 18 and Shannong 24 under the two farming treatments. Less-tillage sowing significantly improved the vegetation normalization index(NDVI) of middle and large panicle wheat variety Shannong 24, in the middle and late growth period, and gave full play to the advantage of photosynthetic production in the late stage of wheat population. The Less-tillage sowing cultivation method significantly improved the yield of the multiple panicle type Jimai 23 and Jimai 44. Less-tillage sowing significantly improved the light distribution characteristics of wheat population, and it was more likely to increase yield than ploughing sowing. The multiple panicle type varieties with high tiller panicle rate and relatively large population were more likely to play the cost-saving and synergistic effect of Less-tillage sowing treatments.

Key words: Wheat, Less no-till, Light distribution, Photosynthetic rate

中图分类号:

李升东, 韩伟, 王丹, 毕香君, 王宗帅, 冯波, 王旭清, 李华伟, 司纪升, 王法宏. 不同耕作方式对小麦叶片净光合速率的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2021, 36(1): 102-107. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191006.

LI Shengdong, HAN Wei, WANG Dan, BI Xiangjun, WANG Zongshuai, FENG Bo, WANG Xuqing, LI Huawei, SI Jisheng, WANG Fahong. Effects of Tillage Methods on Photosynthetic Rate of Different Genotypes of Wheat[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2021, 36(1): 102-107. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191006.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2021/V36/I1/102

参考文献

[1] 叶子飘,段世华,安婷,康华靖.小麦光呼吸途径电子流分配的模型研究[J].麦类作物学报,2019,39(4):446-454. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2019.04.10.
Ye Z P,Duan S H,An T,Kang H J.Investigating photosynthetic electron flow allocation to photorespiration pathway in wheat[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2019,39(4):446-454.
[2] 赵鹏涛,苟升学,赵小光,张耀文,翟周平,关周博,罗红炼,曹栎.不同小麦进化材料生育后期的光合特性及其对环境因子响应的比较[J].麦类作物学报,2019,39(3):299-307.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2019.03.07.
Zhao P T,Gou S X,Zhao X G,Zhang Y W,Zhai Z P,Guan Z B,Luo H L,Cao L.Comparison of photosynthetic characteristics of different wheat evolution materials at late growth stage and their response to environmental factors[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops,2019,39(3):299-307.
[3] 马静丽,方保停,乔亚伟,李春喜,王志敏,蒿宝珍,姜丽娜.减氮对豫北限水灌溉冬小麦冠层结构和光合特性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2019,39(3):346-355. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2019.03.13.
Ma J L,Fang B T,Qiao Y W,Li C X,Wang Z M,Hao B Z, Jiang L N.Effect of lower nitrogen application on canopy structure and photosynthesis of winter wheat grown under limited irrigation in Northern Henan Province[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops,2019,39(3):346-355.
[4] 陈雨海,余松烈,于振文. 小麦生长后期群体光截获量及其分布与产量的关系[J].作物学报,2003,29(5):730-734.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0496-3490.2003.05.017.
Chen Y H,Yu S L,Yu Z W.Relationship between amount or distribution of PAR interception and grain output of wheat communities[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2003,29(5):730-734.
[5] 熊淑萍,孟香苹,王小纯,马新明,张捷,魏钦钦,刘洋.小麦玉米-体化群体配置对小麦冠层结构和产量影响[J].麦类作物学报,2018,38(8):970-978. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2018.08.13.
Xiong S P,Meng X P,Wang X C,Ma X M,Zhang J, Wei Q Q, Liu Y.Effects of wheat and maize integrated population patterns on the canopy structure and yield of wheat[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops,2018,38(8):970-978.
[6] 霍李龙,苗芳,贾丽芳,王长发.种植方式对关中灌区冬小麦冠层光合及产量性状的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(8):1098-1104.
Huo L L,Miao F,Jia L F,Wang C F.Effect of planting pattern on canopy photosynthesis and yield traits of winter wheat in the irrigation area of central Shaanxi[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops,2017,37(8):1098-1104.
[7] 吕美蓉,宁堂原,张涛,赵建波,李洪杰,李增嘉. 少免耕和秸秆还田对冬小麦光合特性的影响[J].山东农业科学,2008(6):5-8. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4942.2008.06.002.
Lü M R,Ning T Y,Zhang T,Zhao J B,Li H J,Li Z J.Effect analysis on photosynthetic characters of winter wheat under minimum or zero tillage system and straw returning[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2008(6):5-8.
[8] 江晓东,王芸,侯连涛,李增嘉,王雪,郭志华.少免耕模式对冬小麦生育后期光合特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(5):66-69.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2006.05.015.
Jiang X D,Wang Y,Hou L T,Li Z J,Wang X,Guo Z H.Effects of minimum tillage and no-tillage systems on photosynthetic characteristics at late growth stages of winter wheat[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2006,22(5):66-69.
[9] 薛建福,赵鑫,Dikgwatlhe S B,陈阜,张海林.保护性耕作对农田碳、氮效应的影响研究进展[J].生态学报,2013,33(19):6006-6013. doi:10.5846/stxb201305121021.
Xue J F,Zhao X,Dikgwatlhe S B,Chen F,Zhang H L. Advances in effects of conservation tillage on soil organic carbon and nitrogen[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(19):6006-6013.
[10] 罗永藩.我国少耕与免耕技术推广应用情况与发展前景[J].耕作与栽培,1991(2):1-7.
Luo Y P. The popularization and application of the no-tillage and no-tillage technology in China and the development prospect[J]. Tillage and Cultivation,1991(2):1-7.
[11] 鲁韵兰. 少耕、免耕法简介[J].耕作与栽培,1985(2):8-10.
Lu Y L. Introduction to no-tillage method[J]. Tillage and Cultivation,1985(2):8-10.
[12] 王荣栋,尹经章.作物栽培学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005:67-71.
Wang R D,Yin J Z.Crop cultivation[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2005:67-71.
[13] 吕丽华,陶洪斌,夏来坤,张雅杰,赵明,赵久然,王璞.不同种植密度下的夏玉米冠层结构及光合特性[J].作物学报,2008,34(3):447-455.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.00447.
Lü L H,Tao H B,Xia L K,Zhang Y J,Zhao M,Zhao J R,Wang P.Canopy structure and photosynthetic traits of summer maize under different planting densities[J]. Journal of Crops,2008,34(3):447-455.
[14] 刘铁东.不同种植方式对玉米光截获及光合特性的影响[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(东北地理与农业生态研究所),2012.
Liu T D.Effects of different planting methods on light interception and photosynthetic characteristics of maize[D].Beijing:Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology),2012.
[15] 于强,刘建栋. 玉米株型与冠层光合作用的数学模拟研究[J].作物学报,1998,24(1):7-15.
Yu Q,Liu J D. A mthematical study on crop architecture and canopy photosynthesis[J]. Journal of Crops,1998,24(1):7-15.
[16] 高亮之,金之庆,张更生,石春林,葛道阔.水稻最佳株型群体受光量与光合量的数值模拟[J].江苏农业学报,2000,16(1):1-9. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4440.2000.01.001.
Gao L Z,Jin Z Q,Zhang G S,Shi C L,Ge D K. A numerical model to simulate the incident radiation and photosynthate for rice canopies with optimum plant type[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2000,16(1):1-9.
[17] 项艳,龚道枝,白清俊,梅旭荣,郝卫平,栗雨勤.冬小麦拔节期冠层温度与产量的关系研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(1):45-47,64.
Xiang Y,Gong D Z,Bai Q J,Mei X R,Hao W P,Li Y Q.Relationship of wheat canopy temperature and yield at jointing stage[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2009,28(1):45-47,64.
[18] 梁鹏,石玉,赵俊晔,王西芝,于振文.不同产量潜力小麦品种冠层光截获特性及产量的差异[J].麦类作物学报,2018,38(10):1189-1194.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2018.10.06.
Liang P,Shi Y,Zhao J Y,Wang X Z,Yu Z W.Differences of canopy light interception characteristics and yield in different yield potential wheat varieties[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops,2008,38(10):1189-1194.
[19] 江晓东,迟淑筠,李增嘉,宁堂原,王芸,邵国庆.少免耕模式对冬小麦花后旗叶衰老和产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(4):55-58.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2008.04.010.
Jiang X D,Chi S Y,Li Z J,Ning T Y,Wang Y,Shao G Q.Effects of minimum tillage and no-tillage patterns on flag leaf senescence after anthesis and yield of winter wheat[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2008,24(4):55-58.
[20] 杜晓英.农作物栽培技术与高产途径解析[J].农业与技术,2018,38(16):39.doi:10.11974/nyyjs.20180833034.
Du X Y. Analysis of crop cultivation techniques and ways of high yield[J]. Agriculture and Technology,2018,38(16):39.
[21] 刘永康. 小麦旗叶结构和直立转披与光合作用的关系[D].新乡:河南师范大学,2007:1-65. doi:10.7666/d.y1106201.
Liu Y K. Relationship between flag leaf structure and vertical transition and photosynthesis in wheat[D].Xinxiang:Henan Normal University,2007:1-65.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容