苹果园种植长柔毛野豌豆对土壤微生物群落结构的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193273

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确苹果园种植长柔毛野豌豆对土壤微生物群落结构的影响,以自然生草为对照,采用高通量测序技术分析山东省7个地区苹果园种植长柔毛野豌豆及同一果园不同物候期的土壤微生物群落结构变化,并进行生草土壤微生物群落结构与理化性质的相关性分析。结果表明,7地区种植长柔毛野豌豆处理的绿僵菌属相对丰度均高于对照,其中东营地区的差异最大;除邹城外,其余6地区种植长柔毛野豌豆处理的镰刀菌属相对丰度均低于对照;除荣成外,其余6地区种植长柔毛野豌豆处理的赤霉属相对丰度均低于对照;在邹城和龙口地区,种植长柔毛野豌豆处理的链格孢属相对丰度均低于对照。同一果园不同苹果物候期的微生物群落结构分析发现,种植长柔毛野豌豆处理在苹果花期土壤中的曲霉相对丰度远低于自然生草;坐果期的镰刀菌和曲霉相对丰度均低于自然生草;果实膨大期的芽孢杆菌属相对丰度较高;成熟期的慢生根瘤菌相对丰度较高,赤霉菌、枝孢属和平脐蠕孢菌相对丰度均远低于自然生草。苹果园种植长柔毛野豌豆,在不同地区和同一果园不同物候期对果园土壤微生物群落结构的影响并不相同,但均可提高土壤有益细菌的相对丰度,同时降低病原真菌的相对丰度,有助于改良果园土壤微生态环境,促进果树健壮栽培。

关键词: 长柔毛野豌豆, 苹果园, 生草, 土壤微生物, 群落结构

Abstract:

In order to determine the effects of V.villosa Roth cultivation in apple orchard on soil microbial community structure,the high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the microbial structure of V.villosa Roth cultivation soil in seven areas of Shandong Province and different phenological period of the same orchard,taking natural grass treatment as comparison.The correlation between microbial community structure and physicochemical properties of grass cultivation soil was analyzed.Results showed that,in seven sampled sites of Shandong Province,the relative abundances of Metarhizium in V.villosa Roth cultivation treatment were all higher than those in the control,and the difference was biggest in Dongying Area.The relative abundances of Fusariumin V.villosa Roth cultivation treatment of six sites were lower than those of the control,except for Zoucheng.The relative abundances of Gibberella in V.villosa Roth cultivation treatment of six sites were lower than those in the control,except for Rongcheng.In Zoucheng and Longkou,the relative abundances of Alternaria were lower than those of the control.Analysis of microbial community structure in different apple phenological stages of V.villosa Roth cultivation in the same orchard showed that,the relative abundance of Aspergillus in flowering stage soil was much lower than that of natural grass.The relative abundances of Fusarium and Aspergillus in fruit setting stage in V.villosa Roth cultivation treatment were lower than those of natural grass.The relative abundance of Bacillus in V.villosa Roth treatment was higher in fruit expansion stage.The relative abundance of Bradyrhizobium was higher in mature stage,while Gibberella,Cladosporium and Bipolaris were much lower than those of natural grass.Effects of V.villosa Roth cultivation in apple orchard on soil microbial community structure differed in different region and phenological stage.However,the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria in soil was increased,while that of pathogenic fungi was decreased,which was helpful to improve orchard soil micro-ecological environment and promote the healthy cultivation of fruit trees.

Key words: V.villosa Roth, Apple orchards, Grass cultivation, Soil microorganism, Community structure

姜莉莉, 孙瑞红, 张甘雨, 宫庆涛, 武海斌, 杜小康. 苹果园种植长柔毛野豌豆对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(S1): 291-299. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193273.

JIANG Lili, SUN Ruihong, ZHANG Ganyu, GONG Qingtao, WU Haibin, DU Xiaokang. Effects of Vicia villosa Roth Cultivation on Soil Microbial Community Structure in Apple Orchards[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(S1): 291-299. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193273.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/IS1/291

图/表 7

图1 各处理稀释曲线

Fig.1 Dilution curve of all treatment

图2 长柔毛野豌豆对不同地区果园土壤细菌群落结构的影响 1.其他;2.链霉菌属;3.黄杆菌属;4.未识别_丙型变形菌纲;5.未识别Bryobacter;6.未识别Flavisolibacter;7.未识别Acidibacter;8.未识别_酸杆菌门;9.未识别_未识别Chitinophagaceae;10.未识别_厌氧绳菌科;11.未识别Chryseolinea。

Fig.2 Effects of V.villosa Roth on soil bacterial community structure in orchard of different areas 1.Others;2.Streptomyces;3.Flavobacterium;4.Unidentified_Gammaproteobacteria;5.Bryobacter;6.Flavisolibacter;7.Acidibacter;8.Unidentified_Acidobacteria;9.Unidentified_Chitinophagaceae;10.Unidentified_Anaerolineaceae;11.Chryseolinea.

图3 长柔毛野豌豆对不同地区果园土壤真菌群落结构的影响 1.其他;2.未识别Pseudeurotium;3.未识别Solicoccozym;4.被孢霉属;5.赤霉属;6.链格孢属;7.彼得壳属;8.假踝囊菌属;9.绿僵菌属;10.新赤壳属;11.镰刀菌属。

Fig.3 Effects of V.villosa Roth on soil fungal community structure in orchard of different areas 1.Others;2.Pseudeurotium;3.Solicoccozyma;4.Motierella;5.Gibberella;6.Alternaria;7.Petriella;8.Pseudogymnoascus;9.Metarhizium;10.Neocosmospora;11.Fusarium.

图4 苹果园种植长柔毛野豌豆对不同物候期土壤细菌群落结构的影响 1.芽孢杆菌属;2.节细菌属;3.未识别TM7a;4.未识别Segetibacter;5.马赛菌属;6.地杆菌属;7.未识别Flavisolibacter;8.未识别Edaphobaculum;9.溶杆菌属;10.鞘脂单胞菌属;11.未识别Ramlibacter;12.慢生根瘤菌;13.肠球菌属;14.未识别Bryobacter;15.未识别Candidatus_Solibacter;16.未识别MND1;17.未识别Haliangium;18.未识别Dongia;19.未识别Reyranella;20.未识别Steroidobacter;21.未识别Acidibacter;22.小月菌属;23.分枝杆菌属;24.微小杆菌;25.芽球菌属;26.未识别Subgroup_10;27.泛菌属;28.未识别Gaiella;29.未识别RB41;30.未识别Ellin6067;31.未识别YC-ZSS-LKJ147;32.未识别_叶绿素;33.未识别Candidatus_Udaeobacter;34.未识别Gemmatimonas;35.未识别Skermanella。

Fig.4 Effects of V.villosa Roth on soil bacterial community structure in different phenological stages in apple orchards 1.Bacillus;2.Arthrobacter;3.TM7a; 4.Segetibacter;5.Massilia;6.Pedobacter;7.Flavisolibacter;8.Edaphobaculum;9.Lysobacter;10.Sphingomonas;11.Ramlibacter;12.Bradyrhizobium;13.Enterococcus;14.Bryobacter;15.Candidatus_Solibacter;16.MND1;17.Haliangium;18.Dongia;19.Reyranella;20.Steroidobacter;21.Acidibacter;22.Microlunatus;23.Mycobacterium;24.Microvirga;25.Blastococcus;26.Subgroup_10; 27.Pantoea;28.Gaiella;29.RB41; 30.Ellin6067; 31.YC-ZSS-LKJ147; 32.Unidentified_Chloroplast; 33.Candidatus_Udaeobacter;34.Gemmatimonas;35.Skermanella.

图5 苹果园种植长柔毛野豌豆对不同物候期土壤真菌群落结构的影响 1.赤霉属;2.枝孢属;3.腐皮壳属;4.毛球壳科;未识别属;5.未识别Hannaella;6.未识别_罗泽罗霉菌科;7.未识别_分生孢子科;8.平脐蠕孢属;9.未识别_被孢霉目;10.支顶孢属;11.短梗蠕孢属;12.未识别Idriella;13.未识别_未识别Mortierellomycotina;14.未识别Fusicolla;15.隐球酵母属;16.未识别Plectosphaerella;17.未识别_子囊菌门;18.毛壳菌属;19.镰刀菌属;20.外担菌属;21.未识别_壶菌纲;22.未识别Cystofilobasidium;23.未识别Scytinostroma;24.未识别_肾小球菌属;25.未识别Rhizophlyctis;26.链格孢属;27.被孢霉属;28.未识别Solicoccozyma;29.端梗孢属;30.未识别Darksidea;31.踝节菌属;32.未识别Canariomyces;33.未识别Ectophoma;34.毛壳菌科;未识别属;35.曲霉。

Fig.5 Effects of V.villosa Roth on soil fungal community structure in different phenological stages in apple orchards 1.Gibberella;2.Cladosporium;3.Diaporthe;4.f_Lasiosphaeriaceae;g_unidentified;5.Hannaella;6. Unidentified_Rozellomycota_sp;7.f_Coniothyriaceae;g_unidentified;8.Bipolaris;9.Unidentified_Mortierellales_sp;10.Acremonium;11.Trichocladium;12.Idriella;13.Unidentified_Mortierellomycotina;14.Fusicolla;15.Cryptococcus;16.Plectosphaerella;17.Unidentified_Ascomycota_sp;18.Chaetomium;19.Fusarium;20.Exobasidium;21.Unidentified_Chytridiomycetes_sp;22.Cystofilobasidium;23.Scytinostroma;24.Unidentified_Glomeromycotina;25.Rhizophlyctis;26.Alternaria;27.Mortierella;28.Solicoccozyma;29.Acrophialophora;30.Darksidea;31.Talaromyces;32.Canariomyces;33.Ectophoma;34.f_Chaetomiaceae;g_unidentified;35.Aspergillus.

图6 苹果园生草土壤细菌相对丰度与理化性质的相关性 1.未识别Candidatus_Koribacter;2.未识别Chujaibacter;3.未识别_硝化螺旋菌科;4.藤黄单孢菌属;5.未识别Ramlibacter;6.未识别Segetibacter;7.未识别Flavitalea;8.假黄色单胞菌属;9.未识别Terrimonas;10.气单胞菌属;11.未识别Stenotrophobacter;12.芽孢杆菌;13.未识别Ohtaekwangia;14.未识别Ferruginibacter;15.未识别Dongia;16:未识别Haliangium;17.未识别Arenibacter;18.未识别Adhaeribacter;19.未识别Granulicella;20.溶杆菌属;21.节细菌属;22.未识别Steroidobacter;23.类诺卡氏菌属;24.链霉菌属;25.鼠尾菌属;26.罗河杆菌属;27.黄杆菌属;28.未识别_丙型变形菌纲;29.未识别Flavisolibacter;30.未识别Bryobacter;31.未识别Acidibacter;32.未识别_甲壳虫科;33.未识别_酸杆菌门;34.未识别Chryseolinea;35.未识别_厌氧绳菌科。红色表示正相关,蓝色表示负相关,^*P<0.05,^**P<0.01。图7同。

Fig.6 Correlation between bacterial relative abundance and physicochemical properties of grass cultivation soil in apple orchard 1.Candidatus_Koribacter; 2.Chujaibacter; 3.Unidentified_Nitrospiraceae; 4.Luteimonas; 5.Ramlibacter; 6.Segetibacter; 7.Flavitalea; 8.Pseudoxanthomonas; 9.Terrimonas; 10.Arenimonas;11.Stenotrophobacter; 12.Bacillus; 13.Ohtaekwangia; 14.Ferruginibacter; 15.Dongia; 16.Haliangium; 17.Arenibacter; 18.Adhaeribacter; 19.Granulicella; 20.Lysobacter; 21.Arthrobacter;22.Steroidobacter; 23.Nocardioides; 24.Streptomyces; 25.Muricauda;26.Rhodanobacter; 27.Flavobacterium; 28.Unidentified_Gammaproteobacteria; 29.Flavisolibacter; 30.Bryobacter; 31.Acidibacter; 32.Unidentified_Chitinophagaceae; 33.Unidentified_Acidobacteria; 34.Chryseolinea;35.Unidentified_Anaerolineaceae.Red indicates positive correlation, blue indicates negative correlation,the same as Fig.7.

图7 苹果园生草土壤真菌相对丰度与理化性质的相关性 1.未识别Albifimbria;2.地丝霉属;3.白冬孢酵母属;4.小菇属;5.未识别Dokmaia;6.无茎真菌属;7.未识别Plectosphaerella;8.毛壳菌属;9.未识别Neonectria;10.未识别Minimedusa;11.短梗蠕孢属;12.葡萄穗霉属;13.未识别Thielaviopsis;14.踝节菌属;15.假霉样真菌属;16.未识别Dactylonectria;17.木霉属;18.未识别Mrakia;19.未识别Fusicolla;20.未识别Pseudombrophila;21.枝孢属;22.未识别Gibellulopsis;23.鬼伞属;24.未识别Cephalotrichum;25.未识别Mycothermus;26.未识别Pseudeurotium;27.未识别Solicoccozyma;28.赤霉菌属;29.被孢霉属;30.链格孢属;31.镰刀菌属;32.假裸囊菌属;33.新赤壳属;34.绿僵菌属;35.彼得壳属。

Fig.7 Correlation between fungal relative abundance and physicochemical properties of grass cultivation soil in apple orchard 1.Albifimbria; 2.Geomyces; 3.Leucosporidium; 4.Mycena; 5.Dokmaia; 6.Acaulium; 7.Plectosphaerella; 8.Chaetomium; 9.Neonectria; 10.Minimedusa; 11.Trichocladium; 12.Stachybotrys; 13.Thielaviopsis; 14.Talaromyces; 15.Pseudallescheria; 16.Dactylonectria; 17.Trichoderma; 18.Mrakia; 19.Fusicolla; 20.Pseudombrophila; 21.Cladosporium; 22.Gibellulopsis; 23.Coprinus; 24.Cephalotrichum; 25.Mycothermus; 26.Pseudeurotium; 27.Solicoccozyma; 28.Gibberella; 29.Mortierella; 30.Alternaria; 31.Fusarium; 32.Pseudogymnoascus; 33.Neocosmospora; 34.Metarhizium; 35.Petriella.

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