摘要：

为了解稻草秸秆配施腐熟剂对烤烟的施用效果。通过盆钵模拟培养试验,分析了稻草秸秆分别配施化肥和含不同微生物优势菌种的腐熟剂后烤烟生长发育、产量、化学成分及协调性的变化,研究了稻草秸秆配施腐熟剂对烤烟生长及产质量的影响。结果表明,稻草秸秆配施腐熟剂显著提高烤烟茎围、最大叶面积、生物量、烟叶产量及中上等烟叶比率。稻草秸秆配施腐熟剂显著降低上部烟叶的烟碱含量,提高其总糖、还原糖含量及糖碱比,从而降低上部烟叶的刺激性、苦味及辛辣等烟气劲头,改善评吸质量;同时,稻草秸秆配施腐熟剂显著提高中部烟叶总氮、总糖和还原糖含量,但氮碱比、糖氮比及糖碱比变化不明显,对烟叶的化学协调性影响不显著;此外,稻草秸秆配施腐熟剂提高下部烟叶总糖及还原糖含量及增加糖氮及糖碱比,有利于增加下部烤烟的香气量,减轻烟叶杂气。采收期烤烟农艺性状和生物量间及不同部位烤后烟叶化学成分与协调性指标间的主成分区组表明,稻草秸秆分别配施细菌+真菌和细菌+真菌+放线菌为优势菌种的腐熟剂,对促进烤烟生长发育,提高烤烟生物量和烟叶产量及改善化学成分和协调性无明显差异。因此,稻草秸秆配施含不同微生物优势菌种的腐熟剂能促进烤烟生长发育,合理上、下部烟叶化学成分,有利于改善烟叶感官质量和提高烤烟产量。

关键词: 烤烟, 秸秆, 腐熟剂, 产质量

Abstract:

In order to understand the application effect of rice-straw application combined with decomposing agent on tobacco.The pot culture experiment was conducted to analyze the variation of the tobacco's growth,yield,chemical composition and coordination after the rice-straw application combined with chemical fertilizer and decaying agent containing different microbial dominant strains respectively,the research object was to explore the effects of rice-straw application combined with decomposing agent on the tobacco's growth,yield and quality.The results showed that the rice-straw application combined with decaying agent significantly increased the stem circumference,maximum leaf area,biomass,yields and the ratio of medium & superior grade of tobacco.The rice-straw application combined with decaying agent significantly lowered nicotine content of the upper tobacco,and increased its' total sugar content,reducing sugar content and total sugar-nicotine ratio,which resulted in reducing the irritability,bitterness and pungency of the upper tobacco and improving its' smoking quality;meanwhile,the rice-straw application combined with decaying agent significantly raised the content of total nitrogen,total sugar and reducing sugar in central tobacco,but there were no obvious variations for the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine,reducing sugar total nitrogen and reducing sugar to nicotine,which meant the effect of rice-straw application combined with decaying agent on the central tobacco's chemical coordination was not significant;moreover,the rice-straw application combined with decaying agent increased the content of total sugar and reduced sugar in lower tobacco,and raised its' ratio of reducing sugar to total nitrogen and sugar to nicotine,which was beneficial to increase the aroma of lower tobacco and reduce its' impurity.According to the results of principal component regions between tobacco's agronomic characters and biomass,chemical composition and coordination indexes of different parts of cured tobacco,the rice-straw application combined with the decomposing agent containing dominant microorganism of bacteria+fungi or bacteria+fungi+actinomycetes had no significant difference in promoting tobacco's growth,yield and quality.Therefore,the rice-straw application combined with the decomposing agent containing different types of dominant microorganism could promote tobacco's growth,rationalize the chemical composition of upper and lower tobacco,and be beneficial to improve its sensory quality and increase tobacco's yield and quality.

Key words: Tobacco, Straw, Decomposing agent, Yield and quality