冬小麦晚播、夏玉米晚收增产潜力分析

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.201751377

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了充分利用周年光热资源，确定河北平原冬小麦适宜播期和夏玉米适宜收获期，在河北藁城进行了冬小麦夏玉米周年试验。冬小麦采用播期×品种二因子裂区试验，夏玉米采用均匀试验设计，研究了小麦产量对播期和冬前积温、玉米产量对收获期的响应特点。结果表明，冀麦585和金禾9123对播期不敏感，适播期较长，冬前≥0℃积温分别在324~560℃和362~566℃均可获得较高的小麦产量。根据藁城多年积温数据，该积温下限对应的日期为10月20日左右。夏玉米产量与播期、收获期均呈线性关系，而不同年份播期和收获期对产量的影响程度不同。玉米生育后期平均气温高于有效灌浆温度（16℃）的截止日期为10月17日，假如玉米收获期由农民传统的9月22日推迟至10月17日，积温可增加476，100℃积温可增产527.7 kg/hm²，玉米可有2 511.9 kg/hm²的增产潜力。可见，小麦推迟播种时间、玉米延迟收获时间是发挥两季作物均衡增产的重要措施，玉米收获期最晚推迟至10月17日，小麦播种期最晚推迟至10月20日。

关键词: 冬小麦, 夏玉米, 播期, 产量, 积温

Abstract: The purposes of this study were to recommend optimal sowing dates of wheat cultivars and the suitable harvest date of summer maize in middle part of Hebei Province, China and make full use of the light and heat resources. A field experiment was carried out with split plot design (main plot of sowing date and subplot of cultivar) for wheat from Autumn 2011 to Summer 2014, and with uniform experiment design for maize in 2012 and 2014 in Gaocheng of Hebei Province to evaluate the response of wheat cultivars to accumulated temperature before winter and the response of maize to harvest date. For Jimai 585 and Jinhe 9123, these of cultivars were not sensitive to sowing date and indicated a wide range of preferred sowing date, with 324-560 ℃ for insensitive and 362-566 ℃ for intermediate before winter, and the yield was higher in this accumulated temperature range. According to annual average accumulated temperature in Gaocheng, the optimal sowing time in wheat production is about October 20th for insensitive and intermediate cultivars. The yield of summer maize were linear with sowing date and harvest period, but the sowing time and harvest period had different effects on yield. The accumulated temperature of 100 ℃increased yield 527.7 kg/ha in maize harvest period. The deadline date of the average temperature for effective filling temperature (16 ℃) was October 17th in the late period of maize growth, if harvest period of the corn was postponed from traditional farmers in September 22th to October 17th, and accumulated temperature could increase 476 ℃, and yield could be increased by 2 511.9 kg/ha. Therefore, it was important for obtained high yield of two season crops when delaying sowing time for wheat and harvest time for corn. Corn harvest date might be postponed to October 17th, wheat sowing date might be postponed to October 20th.

Key words: Winter wheat, Summer maize, Sowing date, Yield, Accumulated temperature

中图分类号:

吕丽华, 董志强, 王学清, 刘茜, 张丽华, 贾秀领. 冬小麦晚播、夏玉米晚收增产潜力分析[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(S1): 36-42. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751377.

Lü Lihua, DONG Zhiqiang, WANG Xueqing, LIU Qian, ZHANG Lihua, JIA Xiuling. Analysis on Potential of Increasing Production for Late Sow of Winter Wheat and Late Harvest of Summer Maize[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(S1): 36-42. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751377.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/IS1/36

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