摘要： 为给滨海盐土快速脱盐改造提供参考依据,以工农业废弃物秸秆、牛粪、脱硫石膏、醋渣为调控材料,研究不同组合下滨海盐土快速脱盐效果。结果表明,4种组合与对照相比,均可显著降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度,增加土壤渗透性,其中T4(牛粪+醋渣)综合效果最好,与对照相比,土壤容重降低37.93%,土壤孔隙度提高12.37个百分点;各处理0~60cm土层平均含盐量高低顺序为T1(秸秆+脱硫石膏) >CK(对照) >T2(牛粪+脱硫石膏) >T3(秸秆+醋渣) >T4(牛粪+醋渣),T1、T2、T3、T4与CK相比分别降低-123.9%,2.23%,30.45%,39.77%;各处理pH值与CK相比均显著下降,由高到低的顺序为CK >T3 >T4 >T2 >T1,T1、T2、T3、T4与CK相比分别降低0.71,0.50,0.35,0.39个单位;各处理土壤CO₃^2-、HCO₃^-含量均明显下降,脱硫石膏处理还能增加土壤SO₄^2-、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺含量。综上所述,在改善土壤物理结构、降低土壤盐分方面,牛粪效果明显好于秸秆,醋渣明显好于脱硫石膏;在抑制土壤脱盐碱化方面,脱硫石膏明显好于醋渣,但脱硫石膏容易增加土体总体含盐量。因此,推荐滨海盐土低成本快速脱盐方式为"牛粪+醋渣"。

关键词: 滨海盐土, 快速脱盐, 工农业废弃物, 土壤理化性质

Abstract: Using industrial and agricultural wastes (straw,cow dung,gypsum,vinegar residue) as the regulating materials,the effect of fast desalination of coastal saline soil under different combinations was investigated in order to provide a reference for fast transformation of coastal saline.The results showed that the four kinds of combination could significantly reduce soil bulk density,improve soil porosity and increase soil permeability compared with the control,of which the comprehensive effect of T4 (cow dung+vinegar residue) was the best with soil bulk density decreased by 37.93% and soil porosity increased by 12.37 percentage points.The order of average soil salinity content in 0-60 cm depth of each treatment was T1 (straw+gypsum)> CK (control)> T2 (cow dung+gypsum)> T3 (straw+vinegar residue)> T4 (cow dung+vinegar residue).Compared with CK,soil salinity content decreased by -123.9% (T1),2.23% (T2),30.45% (T3) and 39.77% (T4),respectively.The pH of each treatment was significantly decreased with a order of CK >T3 >T4 >T2 >T1.And it was decreased by 0.71 (T1),0.50 (T2),0.35 (T3) and 0.39 (T4),respectively.Soil CO₃^2- and HCO₃^- contents were clearly decreased as well,and the treatment with gypsum could also increased soil SO₄^2-,Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ content.In summary,in the aspect of improving the physical structure of the soil and reduce soil salinity,cow dung was better than straw,vinegar residue better than gypsum.Whereas,gypsum was better than vinegar residue in terms of inhibiting alkalization during soil desalination.However,gypsum was easy to increase the total salt content of soil.Therefore,we recommend that rapidly low-cost desalination mode of coastal saline soil is "cow dung+vinegar residue".

Key words: Coastal saline soil, Rapid desalination, Industrial and agricultural wastes, Soil physical and chemical properties

中图分类号: 

• S156.4