微咸水灌溉对玉米秸秆有机复合基质番茄生长及品质特性的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20191996

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究以玉米秸秆为主要成分的栽培基质在微咸水和淡水灌溉下对作物生长和品质影响。以单一玉米秸秆为对照（S）、设置添加生物炭（SB）、蚯蚓粪（SE）、生物炭+蚯蚓粪（SBE）4个栽培基质处理，分别进行微咸水和淡水灌溉，共8个处理。结果表明，相同栽培基质下，不同灌溉水处理对苗期株高和茎体积相对生长率无显著影响，在拉秧期SE微咸水相对淡水灌溉增加了株高相对生长率，相对淡水增加了79.49%，且总生物量和根冠比无显著差异；S和SB处理，微咸水相对淡水灌溉显著增加光合速率和蒸腾速率，SE降低蒸腾速率，SBE和SB增加水分利用效率，且SB缓解微咸水胁迫效果最优；相同栽培基质下，微咸水相对淡水灌溉显著增加可溶性固形物含量，在SB处理下含量最高，相对淡水增加了5.56%。SE和SB处理，微咸水相对淡水灌溉显著增加了可溶性糖含量，分别增加53.84%，50.15%，但产量间无显著差异。相对S处理，SE处理增加淡水灌溉下蒸腾速率，具有最高的Fv/Fm，在淡水和微咸水灌溉下，SBE降低了根冠比，SB增加水分利用效率。相对S处理，SB在微咸水灌溉下增加可溶性固形物效果最显著，SE降低有机酸含量和增加可溶性糖含量效果最显著。因此，在不同水灌溉下添加生物炭和有机质可以促进番茄生长、缓解盐胁迫危害以及改善果实品质。

关键词: 番茄, 玉米秸秆栽培基质, 微咸水, 生物炭, 蚯蚓粪, 生长

Abstract: To investigate the effects of corn straw as the main component of the cultivation substrate on crop growth and fruit quality under brackish water and fresh water irrigation. Four treatments were designed, including the pure corn stalk(S-control), biochar(SB), S added with earthworm compost(SE), biochar and earthworm compost(SBE).Brackish water and fresh water irrigation were applied with each of the four substrate treatments, respectively, leading to a total of eight available treatments. The results showed that with same cultivation substrates, irrigational water had insignificant effect on the relative growth rates of plant height and stem volume at seedling stage. Compared with fresh water irrigation, brackish water irrigation had more positive effect on increasing the relative growth rate of plant height at later stage in SE treatment groups, with a 79.49% more increase in the relative growth rate. However, there were no significant differences in total biomass and root shoot ratio between SE-treated plants irrigated by fresh water and those irrigated by brackish water Brackish water irrigation promoted photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate compared to the fresh water irrigation in the S and SB treatments. Moreover, transpiration rate was reduced in SE, WUE was increased in SBE and SB. SB had the best effect of alleviating brackish water stress. Under the same culture substrate, brackish water significantly increased the soluble solid content compared to fresh water irrigation, and the highest soluble solid content was detected in SB, which was increased by 5.56%. SE and SB treatments significantly increased soluble sugar content in brackish water compared with fresh water irrigation by 53.84% and 50.15%, respectively, but there was no significant difference in yield. Compared with S treatment, SE increased transpiration rate under fresh water irrigation and had the highest Fv/Fm. SBE decreased the root-shoot ratio and SB increased the water use efficiency under fresh and brackish water irrigation. Compared with S treatment, SB treatment had the most significant effect on increasing soluble solid under brackish water irrigation, while SE treatment had the most significant effect on decreasing organic acid content and increasing soluble sugar content. Therefore, adding biochar and organic matter under different water irrigation can promote tomato growth, alleviate salt stress and improve fruit quality.

Key words: Tomato, Corn straw culture substrate, Brackish water, Biochar, Earthworm compost, Growth

中图分类号:

S141
S641.2

杨官凯, 武育芳, 曹行行, 王晓东, 张雪艳. 微咸水灌溉对玉米秸秆有机复合基质番茄生长及品质特性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2021, 36(S1): 81-88. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191996.

YNAG Guankai, WU Yufang, CAO Hanghang, WANG Xiaodong, ZHANG Xueyan. Effects of Organic Compound Substrate from Corn Stalkon Tomato Growth and Fruit Quality under Brackish and Fresh Water Irrigation[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2021, 36(S1): 81-88. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191996.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2021/V36/IS1/81

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