摘要：

为探究秸秆与微生物菌肥对盐碱地土壤和作物盐分含量的影响,试验于内蒙古达拉特旗重度盐碱地,分别设不施秸秆不施微生物菌肥(CK)、秸秆单施(G)、微生物菌肥单施(F)、秸秆配施微生物菌肥(GF)4个处理,分别种植燕麦、高丹草、黍子、油用向日葵4种作物,分析秸秆配施微生物菌肥对盐碱地土壤和作物盐离子浓度及盐分含量的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,秸秆配施微生物菌肥能显著降低土壤含盐量,提高作物生物量及作物体内盐离子积累量,其中土壤全盐量在种植油用向日葵的土壤中最低,为4 400.41 mg/kg,较CK显著降低了13.85%;作物生物量及盐离子积累量以秸秆配施微生物菌肥处理下的高丹草最大,生物量和盐离子积累量分别较CK提高了68.32%,108.28%。此外,秸秆配施微生物菌肥增强了各作物对盐离子的选择吸收能力,配施处理下燕麦对Mg²⁺、Cl^-、 {{\mathrm{SO}}_4}^{2-}有较强吸收能力,分别较CK提高50.51%,72.74%,56.39%;高丹草对Ca²⁺有选择吸收能力,较CK提高76.01%;油用向日葵则主要吸收K⁺,其含量较CK提高12.90%。综上,秸秆配施微生物菌肥能显著提高作物生物量、盐离子积累量及对盐离子的选择吸收能力,并且能有效降低盐碱地土壤全盐量,4种作物中,以高丹草和油用向日葵表现较好。

关键词: 秸秆, 微生物菌肥, 盐碱地, 土壤盐分, 作物盐离子

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of straw and microbial fertilizer on the salt content of soil and crops in saline-alkali soil,the experiment was conducted in Dalat Banner,Inner Mongolia.Four treatments were set up:no straw and no microbial fertilizer(CK),single application of straw(G),single application of microbial fertilizer(F)and combined application of straw and microbial fertilizer(GF).Four crops,oat,sorghum hybrid sudangrass,proso millet and oil sunflower,were planted,respectively.The effects of straw and microbial fertilizer on salt ion concentration and salt content of soil and crops in saline-alkali soil were analyzed.The results showed that compared with CK,straw combined with microbial fertilizer could significantly reduce soil salt content,increase crop biomass and salt ion accumulation in crops,and the soil total salt content in the soil planted with oil sunflower was the lowest at 4 400.41 mg/kg,which was significantly reduced by 13.85% compared with CK.Crop biomass and salt ion accumulation of sorghum hybrid sudangrass treated with straw combined with microbial fertilizer were the largest,and the biomass and salt ion accumulation were increased by 68.32% and 108.28% compared with CK,respectively.In addition,straw combined with microbial fertilizer enhanced the selective absorption ability of each crop for salt ions.Under combined treatment,oat had stronger absorption ability for Mg²⁺,Cl^- and {{\mathrm{SO}}_4}^{2-},which were 50.51%,72.74% and 56.39% higher than CK,respectively.The selective absorption capacity of Ca²⁺ was 76.01% higher than that of CK.Oil sunflower mainly absorbed K⁺,and its content was 12.90% higher than CK.In conclusion,straw combined with microbial fertilizer could significantly improve crop biomass,salt ion accumulation and salt ion selective absorption ability,and could effectively reduce the total salt content of saline-alkali soil.Among the 4 crops,sorghum hybrid sudangrass and oil sunflower perform better.

Key words: Straw, Microbial fertilizer, Saline alkali land, Soil salinity, Crop salt ion