摘要：

依托长期种植翻压紫云英定位试验,探讨豫南稻田在翻压紫云英作绿肥的情况下对后茬作物水稻养分吸收、养分利用效率及产量等方面的影响,并由此确定紫云英鲜草的最佳翻压量。试验设置CK(不施肥)、CF(常规施化肥)以及紫云英鲜草翻压量分别为22.5,30.0,37.5,45.0,52.5,60.0 t/hm²,共8个处理。结果表明,与CK相比,常规施化肥和翻压紫云英处理分别增加稻谷产量21.72%和19.23%~29.20%(P<0.05)。在所有紫云英翻压处理中,紫云英翻压量为52.5 t/hm²时,稻谷氮、磷、钾含量和养分吸收量最高,但继续增加翻压量,稻谷养分含量和养分吸收量显著降低(P<0.05)。紫云英翻压量为37.5~60.0 t/hm²时,水稻地上部氮磷钾素累积量显著高于CK(P<0.05)。与CF相比,紫云英翻压22.5~37.5 t/hm²显著提高水稻磷、钾素养分利用效率及磷、钾素偏生产力(P<0.05)。因此,在豫南地区,长期紫云英翻压22.5~37.5 t/hm²时有利于水稻稳产以及增加水稻对氮磷钾素的吸收,提高水稻氮磷钾素养分利用效率。

关键词: 紫云英, 翻压量, 单季稻, 养分利用效率, 养分吸收, 产量

Abstract:

The long-term field experiment on planting and turning over Chinese milk vetch was conducted to explore the effects of different incorporation amount of Chinese milk vetch on nutrient uptake,nutrient use efficiency,and yield of single cropping rice and to determine the optimal application rate of fresh Chinese milk vetch in south Henan rice area.There were eight treatments,CK(no fertilizers),CF(conventional fertilization),and six application levels(22.5,30.0,37.5,45.0,52.5 and 60.0 t/ha)of Chinese milk vetch.Experimental results showed that compared with CK,the conventional fertilization treatment and Chinese milk vetch treatments increased rice grain yields by 21.72% and 19.23%—29.20%(P<0.05),respectively.In all the treatments of application of Chinese milk vetch,the maximum N,P and K content and accumulation in rice grains were obtained under the treatment of Chinese milk vetch application at 52.5 t/ha,but when continuing to increase the application rate,the nutrient content and accumulation in rice grains were significantly reduced(P<0.05).The application of Chinese milk vetch at 37.5—60.0 t/ha significantly increased the above-ground nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation compared with CK.The application of Chinese milk vetch at 22.5—37.5 t/ha significantly improved the agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of P and K(P<0.05).Comprehensively,the long-term incorporation of Chinese milk vetch at 22.5—37.5 t/ha is conducive to the stable production of rice yield and the absorption of N,P and K,thereby improving the rice nutrient utilization efficiency of N,P and K in south Henan Province.

Key words: Chinese milk vetch, Incorporation amounts, Single cropping rice, Nutrient use efficiency, Nutrient uptake, Yield