覆膜与补充灌溉对半干旱地区马铃薯产量及根际土壤微生物学特性的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192414

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了揭示半干旱地区覆膜与补灌技术下马铃薯产量与根际土壤微生物学特性等相关指标的响应关系，在甘肃省定西市灌溉试验站开展马铃薯覆膜与补充灌溉大田试验，设全覆膜膜下滴灌（PFID）、半覆膜膜下滴灌（PHID）、全覆膜垄作沟灌（PFIF）、无膜垄作沟灌（PNIF）、全覆膜畦田灌水（PFIB）、全覆膜畦田不灌水（PFIBN）等6个处理，以平作无膜不灌水（PNIN）为对照，分析各处理对马铃薯产量、根际土壤有机质（TOM）、有机碳（TOC）、微生物量碳（MBC）、微生物量氮（MBN）、脲酶、过氧化氢酶等土壤学特性的影响。结果表明：在滴灌和沟灌补充灌溉方式下，根际土壤微生物学特性指标对覆膜程度响应关系不同，全覆膜处理的MBC和MBN显著高于半覆膜处理，而半覆膜或不覆膜处理的脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性却显著高于全覆膜处理；所有补灌处理（PFID、PHID、PFIF、PNIF、PFIB）的脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性均显著高于对照PNIN处理，补灌处理的马铃薯产量、单株结薯个数和单株薯质量也均显著高于PNIN处理，尤其是PHID处理产量达44 603.70 kg/hm²，较对照显著增产51.00%。相关分析表明，马铃薯产量与MBC、脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶呈极显著正相关（P <0.01），与TOM、TOC显著正相关（P <0.05）。

关键词: 马铃薯, 覆膜, 补灌, 土壤微生物学特性, 产量

Abstract: In order to reveal the response relationship between potato yield and rhizosphere soil microbiological characteristics under plastic film mulching and supplementary irrigation technology in semi-arid area,field experiments of potato mulching and supplementary irrigation were carried out in Dingxi irrigation experimental station of Gansu Province,which included six treatments,drip irrigation under plastic film(PFID),drip irrigation under semi mulching(PHID),furrow irrigation with full film mulching(PFIF),furrow irrigation without film mulching(PNIF),border irrigation with plastic film mulching(PFIB),and no irrigation in border field covered with plastic film(PFIBN).Flat planting without film and no irrigation(PNIN) was used as control.The effects of different treatments on potato yield,rhizosphere soil organic matter(TOM),organic carbon(TOC),microbial biomass carbon(MBC),microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN),urease and catalase were analyzed.The results showed that mulching methods had significant effects on rhizosphere soil microbiological properties under drip irrigation and furrow irrigation.MBC and MBN of full film mulching treatment were significantly higher than that of half mulching treatment,while urease and catalase activities of semi mulching or no mulching treatment were significantly higher than that of full mulching treatment(P <0.05).On the other hand,the activity of urease and catalase of all supplementary irrigation treatments(PFID,PHID,PFIF,PNIF,PFIB) were significantly higher than control treatment(PNIN).The potato yield,number of tubers per plant and tuber weight per plant of supplemental irrigation treatment were also significantly higher than control treatment.In particular,the yield of semi mulched drip irrigation treatment(PHID) was 44 603.70 kg/ha,which was 51.00% higher than control.Correlation analysis showed that potato yield was highly significant correlated with MBC,urease activity and catalase(P <0.01),and positively correlated with TOM and TOC(P <0.05).

Key words: Potato, Plastic film mulch, Supplementary irrigation, Soil microbiological characteristics, Yield

中图分类号:

S154
S532.01

张芮, 王腾飞, 张梅花, 张永胜, 杨昌钰, 陈志丕. 覆膜与补充灌溉对半干旱地区马铃薯产量及根际土壤微生物学特性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2021, 36(6): 132-140. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192414.

ZHANG Rui, WANG Tengfei, ZHANG Meihua, ZHANG Yongsheng, YANG Changyu, CHEN Zhipi. Effects of Plastic Film Mulch and Supplementary Irrigation on Potato Yield and Rhizosphere Soil Microbiological Characteristics in Semi-arid Areas[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2021, 36(6): 132-140. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192414.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2021/V36/I6/132

参考文献

[1] 达存莹,岳云,贾秀苹.甘肃省马铃薯产业发展现状及主粮化发展分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(3):38-42.doi:10.7621/cjarrp.1005-9121.20160307.
Da C Y,Yue Y,Jia X P.Analysis of the development of potato production area layout and the staple food of Gansu[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2016,37(3):38-42.
[2] 李辉,柴守玺,常磊,程宏波,韩凡香,柴雨葳.秸秆带状覆盖下培土对马铃薯产量与水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(21):107-115.doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.013.
Li H,Chai S X,Chang L,Cheng H B,Han F X,Chai Y W.Effects of earthing up on yield and water use efficiency of potato under straw strip mulching planting pattern[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2019,35(21):107-115.
[3] 王英,张富仓,王海东,毕丽霏,程铭慧,严富来,范军亮,向友珍.滴灌频率和灌水量对榆林沙土马铃薯产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2019,30(12):4159-4168.doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201912.021.
Wang Y,Zhang F C,Wang H D,Bi L F,Cheng M H,Yan F L,Fan J L,Xiang Y Z.Effects of the frequency and amount of drip irrigation on yield,tuber quality and water use efficiency of potato in sandy soil of Yulin,Northern Shaanxi,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2019,30(12):4159-4168.
[4] 王红丽,张绪成,于显枫,马一凡,侯慧芝.黑色地膜覆盖的土壤水热效应及其对马铃薯产量的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(16):5215-5226.doi:10.5846/stxb201501200167.
Wang H L,Zhang X C,Yu X F,Ma Y F,Hou H Z.Effect of using black plastic film as mulch on soil temperature and moisture and potato yield[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(16):5215-5226.
[5] 武汉军,姚文涛,郭美玲,王芳萍.干旱区不同覆膜方式对青薯9号集雨保墒效果及产量的影响[J].中国马铃薯,2018,32(2):86-89.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-3635.2018.02.005.
Wu H J,Yao W T,Guo M L,Wang F P.Influences of different film covering modes on soil moisture and yield of Qingshu 9 in arid area[J]. Chinese Potato Journal,2018,32(2):86-89.
[6] 张永胜.不同补充灌溉方式对降雨利用率及马铃薯农田蒸散特征的影响[J].节水灌溉,2019(10):35-37,42.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-4929.2019.10.008.
Zhang Y S.Effects of different supplementary irrigation methods on rainfall utilization rate and evapotranspiration characteristics of potato fields[J]. Water Saving Irrigation,2019(10):35-37,42.
[7] Tang J Z,Wang J,Fang Q X,Wang E L,Yin H,Pan X B.Optimizing planting date and supplemental irrigation for potato across the agro-pastoral ecotone in North China[J]. European Journal of Agronomy,2018,98:82-94.doi:10.1016/j.eja.2018.05.008.
[8] Qin S H,Li L L,Wang D,Zhang J L,Pu Y L.Effects of limited supplemental irrigation with catchment rainfall on rain-fed potato in semi-arid areas on the western loess plateau,China[J]. American Journal of Potato Research,2013,90(1):33-42.doi:10.1007/s12230-012-9267-y.
[9] 李强.西北地区马铃薯产量-气候变化关系分析及高产高效栽培技术研究[D].杨凌:中国科学院大学,2018.
Li Q.Potato yield-climate change relationship in Northwest China and research on high yield and high efficiency cultivation[D].Yangling:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2018.
[10] 韩翠莲,霍轶珍,朱冬梅.不同灌溉方式对马铃薯光合特性和产量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2018(3):27-29,34.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-4929.2018.03.007.
Han C L,Huo Y Z,Zhu D M.Effects of different irrigation methods on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of potato[J]. Water Saving Irrigation,2018(3):27-29,34.
[11] 兰家萍.不同灌溉模式下新疆栽培红花花期根际与非根际土壤及微生物特征的研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2018.
Lan J P.Characteristics of soil and microorganism in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of safflower cultivation in Xinjiang under different irrigation regimes[D].Shihezi:Shihezi University,2018.
[12] 李浩然,曹君迈,苏红玉.覆膜栽培方式对雨养区马铃薯土壤酶活性和土壤微生物及产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2018,31(3):467-470.doi:10.16213/j.cnki.scjas.2018.3.007.
Li H R,Cao J M,Su H Y.Effects of way of film-covering modes on enzyme activity and edaphon in soil of rainfall-fed region potato crop[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2018,31(3):467-470.
[13] 李文,叶旭红,韩冰,张西超,邹洪涛,张玉龙.不同灌溉方式下3种土壤微生物活性测定方法比较[J].生态学报,2017,37(12):4084-4090.doi:10.5846/stxb201606021062.
Li W,Ye X H,Han B,Zhang X C,Zou H T,Zhang Y L.Comparison of three methods used to determine soil microbial activity under different irrigation systems[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(12):4084-4090.
[14] 崔萌,李忠佩,车玉萍,代静玉.不同水分状况下红壤水稻土中有机物料分解及酶活性的变化[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(22):9634-9636.doi:10.13989/j.cnki.0517-6611.2008.22.049.
Cui M,Li Z P,Che Y P,Dai J Y.Changes in decomposition of organic materials and enzyme activity in paddy soils of subtropical China under different water conditions[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2008,36(22):9634-9636.
[15] 陈宁,孙凯宁,王克安,杨宁,宋计平,吕晓惠.不同灌溉方式对茄子栽培土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2016,47(6):1380-1385.doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2016.06.15.
Chen N,Sun K N,Wang K A,Yang N,Song J P,Lü X H.Effects of different irrigation methods on soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in eggplant cultivation[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2016,47(6):1380-1385.
[16] 贺伟.不同灌溉方式对燕麦光合及土壤生物特性的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2013.
He W.The effect of varied irrigation methods on the photosynthesis and soil activities of oat[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2013.
[17] 许华,何明珠,孙岩.干旱荒漠区土壤酶活性对降水调控的响应[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2018,54(6):790-797.doi:10.13885/j.issn.0455-2059.2018.06.011.
Xu H,He M Z,Sun Y.Response of soil enzyme activities to precipitation regulation in arid desert areas[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences),2018,54(6):790-797.
[18] 曹正鹏,刘玉汇,张小静,沈宝云,秦舒浩,刘震,王丽,李朝周,张俊莲.亏缺灌溉对马铃薯生长产量及水分利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(4):114-123.doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.014.
Cao Z P,Liu Y H,Zhang X J,Shen B Y,Qin S H,Liu Z,Wang L,Li C Z,Zhang J L.Effects of deficit irrigation on growth,yield and water use of potato plants[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2019,35(4):114-123.
[19] 李娟,赵秉强,李秀英,So Hwat Bing.长期不同施肥条件下土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性的季节变化特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(5):1093-1099.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1008-505X.2009.05.016.
Li J,Zhao B Q,Li X Y,Bing S H.Seasonal variation of soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in different long-term fertilizer regimes[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2009,15(5):1093-1099.
[20] 乔赵崇,赵海超,黄智鸿,刘颖慧,卢海博,李瑞鑫.冀北坝上不同土地利用对土壤微生物量碳氮磷及酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2019,28(3):498-505.doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2019.03.009.
Qiao Z C,Zhao H C,Huang Z H,Liu Y H,Lu H B,Li R X.Effects of different land uses on soil microbial biomass,carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and enzyme activities in the plateau of North Hebei[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2019,28(3):498-505.
[21] 高恩基,张永胜,李虹彩.不同补灌方式对马铃薯生长特征及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2019(11):76-80.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2284.2019.11.015.
Gao E J,Zhang Y S,Li H C.The effects of different irrigation methods on growth characteristics and water use efficiency of potato[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower,2019(11):76-80.
[22] 闫春妮,黄娟,李稹,彭程,曹冲.湿地植物根系及其分泌物对土壤脲酶、硝化-反硝化的影响[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(2):303-308.doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2017.02.016.
Yan C N,Huang J,Li Z,Peng C,Cao C.Effect of plant roots and its exudates on urease activity,nitrification and denitrification in wetland soil[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2017,26(2):303-308.
[23] 刘丽,马鸣超,姜昕,关大伟,杜秉海,曹凤明,李俊.根瘤菌与促生菌双接种对大豆生长和土壤酶活的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):644-654.doi:10.11674/zwyf.2015.0311.
Liu L,Ma M C,Jiang X,Guan D W,Du B H,Cao F M,Li J.Effect of Rhizobia and PGPR co-inoculant on soybean characteristics and soil enzyme activities[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2015,21(3):644-654.
[24] Zhou T,Geng Y J,Chen J,Pan J J,Haase D,Lausch A.High-resolution digital mapping of soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen using DEM derivatives,Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data based on machine learning algorithms[J]. The Science of the Total Environment,2020,729:138244.doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138244.
[25] 王星,孙沙沙,王桂红,王萍萍,郭振,焦克强,段建军,王小利.土壤水溶性有机碳的高锰酸钾氧化比色法测定研究[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(16):246-249.doi:10.15889/j.issn.1002-1302.2018.16.059.
Wang X,Sun S S,Wang G H,Wang P P,Guo Z,Jiao K Q,Duan J J,Wang X L.Determination of water-soluble organic carbon content in soils by potassium permanganate oxidation and colorimetry[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(16):246-249.
[26] 赵彤,闫浩,蒋跃利,黄懿梅,安韶山.黄土丘陵区植被类型对土壤微生物量碳氮磷的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5615-5622.doi:10.5846/stxb201304160723.
Zhao T,Yan H,Jiang Y L,Huang Y M,An S S.Effects of vegetation types on soil microbial biomass C,N,P on the Loess Hilly Area[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(18):5615-5622.
[27] 吴金水,肖和艾.土壤微生物生物量碳的表观周转时间测定方法[J].土壤学报,2004,41(3):401-407.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0564-3929.2004.03.012.
Wu J S,Xiao H A.Measuring the gross turnover time of soil microbial biomass C under incubation[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2004,41(3):401-407.
[28] 范庆锋,张玉龙,张玉玲,虞娜.不同灌溉方式对设施土壤交换性盐基组成及比例的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):264-268.doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.01.041.
Fan Q F,Zhang Y L,Zhang Y L,Yu N.Effects of irrigation mode on composition and ratios of soil exchangeable base in greenhouse[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,32(1):264-268.
[29] 韩琳,张玉龙,金烁,王娇,魏岩岩,崔宁,魏巍.灌溉模式对保护地土壤可溶性有机碳与微生物量碳的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(8):1625-1633.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.08.011.
Han L,Zhang Y L,Jin S,Wang J,Wei Y Y,Cui N,Wei W.Effect of different irrigation patterns on soil dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon in protected field[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(8):1625-1633.
[30] 苏永春,勾影波,王立新.农田土壤动物和微生物与生物化学动态关系的研究[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(3):134-137.
Su Y C,Gou Y B,Wang L X.Relationship between soil fauna and microorganisms and the development of biochemistry characters in farmlands[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2004,23(3):134-137.
[31] 加武斌,谢英荷,李廷亮,文德泽,贺丽燕,高慧洲.不同覆膜方式对旱地麦田土壤微生物量碳氮磷的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(3):420-423.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2481.2017.03.25.
Jia W B,Xie Y H,Li T L,Wen D Z,He L Y,Gao H Z.Effects of different mulching methods on soil microbial biomass C,N and P in dryland wheat[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(3):420-423.
[32] 单鸿宾,梁智,王纯利,朱新萍,王丽,贾宏涛.连作及灌溉方式对棉田土壤微生物量碳氮的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(4):202-205.
Shan H B,Liang Z,Wang C L,Zhu X P,Wang L,Jia H T.Effect of continuous cropping and irrigation way on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2010,28(4):202-205.
[33] 兰家萍,赵详,刘鸯,杨美玲,王绍明.2种灌溉方式下新疆栽培红花根区微生物群落功能多样性分析[J].江苏农业科学,2019,47(10):301-304,311.doi:10.15889/j.issn.1002-1302.2019.10.066.
Lan J P,Zhao Y,Liu Y,Yang M L,Wang S M.Analysis of functional diversity of microbial community in root zone of cultivated safflower in Xinjiang area under two irrigation modes[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2019,47(10):301-304,311.
[34] 王京伟,牛文全,许健,李元.覆膜滴灌对日光温室甜瓜土壤环境及产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(6):232-241.doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.06.032.
Wang J W,Niu W Q,Xu J,Li Y.Effects of drip irrigation under plastic film on muskmelon soil environment and yield in greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(6):232-241.
[35] Ierna A,Mauromicale G.Tuber yield and irrigation water productivity in early potatoes as affected by irrigation regime[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2012,115:276-284.doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2012.09.011.
[36] 蒋锐,郭升,马德帝.旱地雨养农业覆膜体系及其土壤生态环境效应[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(3):317-328.doi:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170760.
Jiang R,Guo S,Ma D D.Review of plastic film mulching system and its impact on soil ecological environment in China's rainfed drylands[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2018,26(3):317-328.
[37] 何子建.膜下微咸水滴灌棉田间作水盐肥及棉花生长特性研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2018.
He Z J.Effect of intercropping on water and salt fertilizer and cotton growth characteristics under brackish water drip irrigation in film[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Technology,2018.
[38] 侯振安,李品芳,龚江,汝思博,王艳娜.膜下滴灌条件下不同土壤盐度和施氮量对棉花生长的影响[J].土壤通报,2007,38(4):681-686.doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2007.04.013.
Hou Z A,Li P F,Gong J,Ru S B,Wang Y N.Effect of different soil salinity levels and application rates of nitrogen on the growth of cotton under drip irrigation[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2007,38(4):681-686.
[39] Chang D C,Cho J H,Jin Y I,Im J S,Cheon C G,Kim S J,Yu H S.Mulch and planting depth influence potato canopy development,underground morphology,and tuber yield[J]. Field Crops Research,2016,197:117-124.doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2016.05.003.
[40] 孙梦媛,刘景辉,赵宝平,杨彦明,高宇.全覆膜垄作种植对旱作马铃薯生长和土壤特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(5):262-269,276.doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.05.042.
Sun M Y,Liu J H,Zhao B P,Yang Y M,Gao Y.Effects of full-film mulching and ridging planting on the rainfed potato growth and soil characteristics[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,32(5):262-269,276.
[41] 要凯,赵章平,康益晨,张卫娜,石铭福,杨昕宇,范艳玲,秦舒浩.沟垄覆膜对连作马铃薯土壤酶活性、理化性状及产量的影响[J].作物学报,2019,45(8):1286-1292.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.94007.
Yao K,Zhao Z P,Kang Y C,Zhang W N,Shi M F,Yang X Y,Fan Y L,Qin S H.Effects of ridge-furrow mulching on soil enzyme activity,physicochemical properties and yield in continuous cropping potato field[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2019,45(8):1286-1292.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容