控制玉米叶片数的QTL定位及基因功能注释

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195943

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确玉米总叶片数与穗上叶片数的遗传特性,揭示其对玉米产量潜力、生物量积累及抗倒伏性的调控作用,开展控制玉米叶片数的 QTL 定位及基因挖掘的试验。利用SLAF-seq 技术对昌7-2和PHB1M及其138份F_2∶3家系进行高通量测序,结合60 000(E1),120 000(E2)株/hm² 2个种植密度处理下的叶片数表型数据进行QTL定位,并对定位结果进行基因挖掘。结果表明,分布在8号染色体上的2个总叶片数QTL为主效QTL,贡献率分别为 16.96%和23.08%,加性效应值为负值;3个穗上叶片数的QTL分布在2号和4号染色体,加性效应值为正值,分布在4号染色体的2个QTL为主效QTL,贡献率分别为10.18%和14.75%;总叶片数和穗上叶片数的QTL分布在不同染色体区域,可能受到相对独立的遗传调控。基因功能分析发现,筛选到的基因参与碳水化合物代谢和植物激素信号转导途径等,同时筛选到部分转录因子。本研究结果为进一步揭示玉米叶片数的遗传基础提供更丰富的理论支持,为分子标记辅助育种提供靶点。

关键词: 玉米, 总叶片数, 穗上叶片数, QTL, 基因挖掘

Abstract:

To clarify the genetic characteristics of total leaf number and leaf number above the ear in maize,and reveal their regulatory effects on maize yield potential,biomass accumulation,and lodging resistance,experiments on QTL mapping and gene mining for controlling maize leaf number were conducted.By using SLAF-seq technology for high-throughput sequencing of Chang 7-2,PHB1M,and 138 F_2∶3 families,combined with two planting density treatments(E1:60 000 plants/ha;E2:120 000 plants/ha)QTL mapping was performed on leaf number phenotypic data,and gene mining was performed on the mapping results.The results showed that two total leaf number QTLs distributed on chromosome 8 were the main effect QTLs,contribution rates were 16.96% and 23.08%,respectively,and the additive effect value was negative;the QTL for the leaf number above the ear distributed on chromosomes 2 and 4,with a positive additive effect value.the two QTLs distributed on chromosome 4 were the main effect QTL,contribution rates were 10.18% and 14.75%,respectively;the QTLs for total leaf number and leaf number above the ear were distributed in different chromosomal regions and might be subject to relatively independent genetic regulation.Gene functional analysis revealed genes screened involvement in carbohydrate metabolism,plant hormone signal transduction,and selected some transcription factors.The results of this study provide richer theoretical support for further revealing the genetic basis of maize leaf number and offer targets for marker-assisted breeding.

Key words: Maize, Total leaf number, Leaf number above the ear, QTL, Gene mining

中图分类号:

薛春雷, 张旭婷, 张海龙, 付增娟, 刘亚楠, 吴海燕, 张子玉, 张赛楠, 余忠浩, 吴慧, 韩平安, 马岩, 王永行, 孙峰成. 控制玉米叶片数的QTL定位及基因功能注释[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(1): 49-55. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195943.

XUE Chunlei, ZHANG Xuting, ZHANG Hailong, FU Zengjuan, LIU Yanan, WU Haiyan, ZHANG Ziyu, ZHANG Sainan, YU Zhonghao, WU Hui, HAN Pingan, MA Yan, WANG Yongxing, SUN Fengcheng. QTL Mapping and Gene Functional Annotation for Controlling Maize Leaf Number[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(1): 49-55. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195943.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I1/49

图/表 5

参考文献 29

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样品 Sample	指标 Indicator	总叶片数 Total number of leaf		穗上叶片数 Leaf number above the ear
样品 Sample	指标 Indicator	E1	E2	E1	E2
亲本	昌7-2	21.86±0.35Aa	21.41±0.13Aa	4.78±0.27Aa	4.61±0.33Aa
Parents	PHB1M	18.17±0.62Cc	18.11±0.27Cc	4.94±0.49Aa	5.00±0.00Aa
	均值	20.16±1.09Bb	20.11±1.07Bb	5.23±0.59Aa	5.28±0.61Aa
	偏度	0.20	-0.17	0.14	0.38
	峰度	-0.51	-0.15	0.05	0.44
F_2∶3家系	最小值	18.17	17.33	4.00	4.00
F_2∶3 family	最大值	22.83	22.33	6.67	7.00
	变异系数/%	5.41	5.32	11.28	11.55

样品 Sample	指标 Indicator	总叶片数 Total number of leaf		穗上叶片数 Leaf number above the ear
样品 Sample	指标 Indicator	E1	E2	E1	E2
亲本	昌7-2	21.86±0.35Aa	21.41±0.13Aa	4.78±0.27Aa	4.61±0.33Aa
Parents	PHB1M	18.17±0.62Cc	18.11±0.27Cc	4.94±0.49Aa	5.00±0.00Aa
	均值	20.16±1.09Bb	20.11±1.07Bb	5.23±0.59Aa	5.28±0.61Aa
	偏度	0.20	-0.17	0.14	0.38
	峰度	-0.51	-0.15	0.05	0.44
F_2∶3家系	最小值	18.17	17.33	4.00	4.00
F_2∶3 family	最大值	22.83	22.33	6.67	7.00
	变异系数/%	5.41	5.32	11.28	11.55

性状 Traits	染色体 Chr.	QTL	区域/cM Genomic locations of QTL		最大LOD值 Max LOD value	加性效应 Additive effect	贡献率/% Contribution rate
性状 Traits	染色体 Chr.	QTL	起始 Start	终止 End	最大LOD值 Max LOD value	加性效应 Additive effect	贡献率/% Contribution rate
总叶片数	8	qLC-1-LG8	54.848	55.213	7.176	-0.423	16.96
LC	8	qLC-2-LG8	59.271	59.636	8.960	-0.473	23.08
穗上叶片数	2	qLCAE-1-LG2	40.867	41.235	3.509	0.155	8.84
LA	4	qLCAE-1-LG4	76.843	77.208	3.442	0.166	10.18
	4	qLCAE-2-LG4	93.206	93.206	6.821	0.210	14.75

性状 Traits	染色体 Chr.	QTL	区域/cM Genomic locations of QTL		最大LOD值 Max LOD value	加性效应 Additive effect	贡献率/% Contribution rate
性状 Traits	染色体 Chr.	QTL	起始 Start	终止 End	最大LOD值 Max LOD value	加性效应 Additive effect	贡献率/% Contribution rate
总叶片数	8	qLC-1-LG8	54.848	55.213	7.176	-0.423	16.96
LC	8	qLC-2-LG8	59.271	59.636	8.960	-0.473	23.08
穗上叶片数	2	qLCAE-1-LG2	40.867	41.235	3.509	0.155	8.84
LA	4	qLCAE-1-LG4	76.843	77.208	3.442	0.166	10.18
	4	qLCAE-2-LG4	93.206	93.206	6.821	0.210	14.75

不同环境 Different environments	基因名称 Gene name	功能 Function	代谢通路 Metabolic pathways
E1	Chr8_pilon_122057.9_2794.mRNA4	磷酸甘油酸激酶	碳水化合物代谢、糖酵解(map00010)
	Chr8_pilon_125194.9_8713.mRNA5	海藻糖6-磷酸合酶	碳水化合物代谢、淀粉合成(map00500)
	Chr8_pilon_123099.8_2550.mRNA1	生长素相关GH3基因	植物激素信号转导
	Chr8_pilon_121912_708.mRNA1	bZIP	转录因子
	Chr8_pilon_124422.5_1941.mRNA1	AP2/EREBP
	Chr8_pilon_122255.3_702.mRNA2	乙烯响应转录因子
	Chr8_pilon_124355.7_2508.mRNA1	TCP
	Chr8_pilon_125397.6_672.mRNA1	WRKY
	Chr8_pilon_125429.1_4893.mRNA5	丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶
	Chr8_pilon_123212_8668.mRNA4
	Chr8_pilon_123983.6_74879.mRNA6
	Chr8_pilon_122773.5_2351.mRNA3
E2	Chr8_pilon_131114.5_2800.mRNA5	MYB	转录因子
	Chr8_pilon_132220_6675.mRNA2
	Chr8_pilon_129770.3_670.mRNA1	HD-Zip
	Chr8_pilon_129595.4_2031.mRNA1	谷胱甘肽转移酶
	Chr8_pilon_131003.1_337.mRNA1	蛋白磷酸酶2C

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