粉垄耕作与覆膜对西辽河平原盐碱地改良及玉米增产效应

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195010

华北农学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 74-86. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195010

所属专题： 玉米；盐碱胁迫；栽培生理；

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

粉垄耕作与覆膜对西辽河平原盐碱地改良及玉米增产效应

王本龙¹^,²^,³, 周春生¹^,²^,³^,, 李利荣⁴, 海珍¹^,²^,³, 娄雨欣¹^,²^,³, 刘学瑶¹^,²^,³, 刘萍⁵

¹ 内蒙古财经大学资源与环境经济学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010030
² 内蒙古财经大学资源与环境经济学院, 资源环境监测实验室, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010030
³ 内蒙古财经大学祖国北疆资源利用与环境保护协调发展院士专家工作站, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010030
⁴ 内蒙古自治区水利工程建设质量与安全监督服务中心, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010030
⁵ 山东省乳山市水利局, 山东乳山 274500

收稿日期:2024-03-25 出版日期:2025-11-03
通讯作者:
周春生(1977—),男,山东单县人,教授,博士,主要从事土壤污染防治及膨润土应用技术方面的教学研究。
作者简介:
王本龙(1997—),男,安徽当涂人,硕士,主要从事盐碱地沙地土壤修复研究。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U23A2014); 内蒙古自治区农牧业厅项目(202076); 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021MS05017); 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2019MS04020); 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2020MS05018); 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2020BS03001); 内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(NCYWZ22009); 内蒙古财经大学课题项目(JXYB1922)

Effects of Powder Ridge Plowing and Mulching on Saline and Alkaline Land Improvement and Maize Yield Increase in the West Liaohe Plain

WANG Benlong¹^,²^,³, ZHOU Chunsheng¹^,²^,³^,, LI Lirong⁴, HAI Zhen¹^,²^,³, LOU Yuxin¹^,²^,³, LIU Xueyao¹^,²^,³, LIU Ping⁵

¹ College of Resource and Environmental Economics, Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics, Hohhot 010030, China
² College of Resource and Environmental Economics, Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics,Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Monitoring, Hohhot 010030, China
³ Academician Expert Workstation for Coordinated Development of Resource Utilisation and Environmental Protection of the Motherland's Northern Border, Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics, Hohhot 010030, China
⁴ Quality and Safety Supervision and Service Centre for Water Conservancy Project of Construction, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010030, China
⁵ Water Conservancy Bureau of Rushan City, Shandong Province, Rushan 274500, China

Received:2024-03-25 Published:2025-11-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决西辽河平原盐碱地耕层较浅、犁底层上移、土壤盐碱化等问题,于2020—2021年在内蒙古自治区通辽市科尔沁左翼中旗花吐古拉镇开展田间试验。设置2种耕作方式(传统旋耕与粉垄耕作)、2个灌溉定额(2 100,2 700 m³/hm²)以及覆膜与浅埋措施,共6组试验处理,分别为2 100 m³/hm²灌溉定额+传统旋耕+浅埋(CK×NM)、2 100 m³/hm²灌溉定额+传统旋耕+覆膜(CK×DM)、2 100 m³/hm²灌溉定额+粉垄耕作+浅埋(FA×NM)、2 100 m³/hm²灌溉定额+粉垄耕作+覆膜(FA×DM)、2 700 m³/hm²灌溉定额+粉垄耕作+浅埋(FB×NM)、2 700 m³/hm²灌溉定额+粉垄耕作+覆膜(FB×DM)。分析不同灌溉定额下粉垄耕作与覆膜处理对0~40 cm土层土壤性质结构、盐碱含量和玉米产量的影响。结果表明,相较于CK×NM处理,在0~40 cm土层,粉垄耕作+覆膜处理的土壤容重降低8.4%~22.9%、土壤总孔隙度提高4.9~14.8百分点、土壤三相比R值降低34.6%~88.2%,其中,FB×DM处理的土壤容重、总孔隙度、三相比R值分别显著降低20.0%,-13.1百分点和88.2%;20~40 cm土层播种后土壤含水量提高5.5~12.1百分点,7.5~17.5 cm土层的土壤硬度提高33.4%~397.5%,其中,FB×DM处理的土壤含水量、硬度分别显著提高12.1百分点,214.3%;FB×DM处理CO₂通量显著提高496.4%。相较于CK×NM处理,粉垄耕作+覆膜处理降低0~40 cm土层土壤pH值、总碱度、电导率和全盐量,降低幅度分别为0.7%~10.9%,2.5%~67.5%,24.3%~68.7%和10.3%~81.0%。其中,FB×DM处理的土壤pH值、总碱度、电导率和全盐量分别显著降低10.9%,48.2%,59.2%和80.0%。玉米出苗率、穗鲜质量和产量较CK×NM处理分别提高13.2~20.1百分点,52.5%~68.2%和22.4%~45.5%,其中,FB×DM处理的出苗率、穗鲜质量和产量分别显著提高20.1百分点,68.2%和45.5%。综合改良效果和玉米产量考虑,认为2 700 m³/hm²灌溉定额下粉垄耕作+覆膜处理(FB×DM)为西辽河平原盐碱地较为适宜的耕作模式。

关键词: 玉米, 粉垄耕作, 灌溉定额, 覆膜, 产量, 盐碱地改良

Abstract:

To address issues such as shallow soil layers,upward movement of the plowpan,and soil salinization in the saline-alkali soils of the West Liaohe Plain,field trials were conducted in Huatugula Town,Horqin Zouyi Middle Banner,Tongliao City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,from 2020 to 2021.Two tillage methods(traditional rotary tillage and powder ridge plowing),two irrigation quotas(2 100,2 700 m³/ha),and mulching and shallow burial measures were set up,resulting in six experimental treatments:2 100 m³/ha irrigation quota+traditional rotary tillage+shallow burial(CK×NM),2 100 m³/ha irrigation quota+traditional rotary tillage+mulching(CK×DM),2 100 m³/ha irrigation quota+powder ridge plowing+shallow burial(FA×NM),2 100 m³/ha irrigation quota+powder ridge plowing+mulching(FA×DM),2 700 m³/ha irrigation quota+powder ridge plowing+shallow burial(FB×NM),2 700 m³/ha irrigation quota+powder ridge plowing+mulching(FB×DM).The effects of powder ridge plowing and mulching treatments on soil properties,structure,saline and alkaline content,and maize yield in the 0—40 cm soil layer under different irrigation quotas were analyzed. The result showed that compared to the CK×NM treatment, in the 0—40 cm soil layer, the soil bulk density decreased by 8.4%—22.9%, the total soil porosity increased by 4.9—14.8 percentage points, and the soil three-phase ratio R value decreased by 34.6%—88.2% under powder ridge plowing + mulching treatment,among them, the bulk density, total porosity, and three-phase ratio R value of the soil treated with FB×DM treatment were significantly reduced by 20.0%,-13.1 percentage points, and 88.2%, respectively;soil moisture content after sowing increased by 5.5—12.1 percentage points in the 20—40 cm soil layer, soil hardness increased by 33.4%—397.5% in the 7.5—17.5 cm soil layer,among them, the soil moisture content, hardness of the FB×DM treatment increased significantly by 12.1 percentage points, 214.3%,respectively;CO₂ flux of the FB×DM treatment increased significantly by 496.4%.Compared to the CK×NM treatment, the powder ridge plowing+mulching treatment reduced the soil pH value, total alkalinity, electrical conductivity, and total salt content in the 0—40 cm soil layer, with reduction rates of 0.7%—10.9%, 2.5%—67.5%, 24.3%—68.7%, and 10.3%—81.0%, respectively. Among them, the soil pH value, total alkalinity, electrical conductivity, and total salt content of the FB×DM-treated soil were significantly reduced by 10.9%, 48.2%, 59.2%, and 80.0%, respectively.Maize germination rate, ear fresh weight, and yield were increased by 13.2—20.1 percentage points,52.5%—68.2%, and 22.4%—45.5%, respectively,among them, the germination rate, ear fresh weight, and yield of the FB×DM treatment were significantly increased by 20.1 percentage points,68.2%, and 45.5%, respectively, compared to the CK×NM treatment. Considering the comprehensive improvement effects and maize yield, it is concluded that the 2 700 m³/ha irrigation quota+powder ridge plowing+mulching(FB×DM) is a more suitable cultivation mode for saline and alkaline land in the West Liaohe Plain.

Key words: Maize, Powder ridge plowing, Irrigation quota, Mulching, Yield, Saline and alkaline land

中图分类号:

王本龙, 周春生, 李利荣, 海珍, 娄雨欣, 刘学瑶, 刘萍. 粉垄耕作与覆膜对西辽河平原盐碱地改良及玉米增产效应[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(5): 74-86. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195010.

WANG Benlong, ZHOU Chunsheng, LI Lirong, HAI Zhen, LOU Yuxin, LIU Xueyao, LIU Ping. Effects of Powder Ridge Plowing and Mulching on Saline and Alkaline Land Improvement and Maize Yield Increase in the West Liaohe Plain[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(5): 74-86. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195010.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/I5/74

图/表 15

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编号 Number	处理方式 Treatment mode
CK×NM	传统旋耕+2 100 m³/hm²灌溉定额+浅埋
CK×DM	传统旋耕+2 100 m³/hm²灌溉定额+覆膜
FA×NM	粉垄耕作+2 100 m³/hm²灌溉定额+浅埋
FA×DM	粉垄耕作+2 100 m³/hm²灌溉定额+覆膜
FB×NM	粉垄耕作+2 700 m³/hm²灌溉定额+浅埋
FB×DM	粉垄耕作+2 700 m³/hm²灌溉定额+覆膜

编号 Number	处理方式 Treatment mode
CK×NM	传统旋耕+2 100 m³/hm²灌溉定额+浅埋
CK×DM	传统旋耕+2 100 m³/hm²灌溉定额+覆膜
FA×NM	粉垄耕作+2 100 m³/hm²灌溉定额+浅埋
FA×DM	粉垄耕作+2 100 m³/hm²灌溉定额+覆膜
FB×NM	粉垄耕作+2 700 m³/hm²灌溉定额+浅埋
FB×DM	粉垄耕作+2 700 m³/hm²灌溉定额+覆膜

处理 Treatments	CO₂积累量 CO₂ accumulation	相关系数(R²) Correlation coefficient(R²)
CK×NM	y=0.248 9x+438.81	0.984 5
CK×DM	y=1.186 3x+435.30	0.971 9
FA×NM	y=0.713 6x+429.59	0.988 7
FA×DM	y=1.292 5x+411.04	0.964 4
FB×NM	y=1.317 2x+445.56	0.994 5
FB×DM	y=1.796 1x+391.75	0.984 3

处理 Treatments	CO₂积累量 CO₂ accumulation	相关系数(R²) Correlation coefficient(R²)
CK×NM	y=0.248 9x+438.81	0.984 5
CK×DM	y=1.186 3x+435.30	0.971 9
FA×NM	y=0.713 6x+429.59	0.988 7
FA×DM	y=1.292 5x+411.04	0.964 4
FB×NM	y=1.317 2x+445.56	0.994 5
FB×DM	y=1.796 1x+391.75	0.984 3

处理 Treatment	株高/cm Plant height	茎粗/mm Stem thickness	叶长/cm Leaf length	叶宽/cm Leaf width
CK×NM	110.2±3.9e	22.4±0.3d	51.3±5.4c	7.3±1.3a
CK×DM	129.5±5.3d	23.7±0.7d	71.6±3.8b	8.1±2.1a
FA×NM	163.9±3.3c	32.6±1.8c	90.5±3.7a	9.1±0.9a
FA×DM	183.3±7.2b	35.3±0.3b	92.4±6.4a	9.6±1.7a
FB×NM	175.6±4.8b	33.8±0.8bc	87.9±5.7a	10.1±1.5a
FB×DM	205.0±9.6a	39.2±0.9a	93.1±8.2a	10.9±2.3a

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处理 Treatment	穗鲜质量/g Fresh weight of ear	穗长/cm Ear length	横向籽粒数/粒 Number of lateral grains	纵向籽粒数/粒 Number of longitudinal grains	百粒鲜质量/g Fresh weight of 100 grains	百粒干质量/g Dry weight of 100 grains	产量/ (kg/hm²) Yield	增产率/% Yield increase rate
CK×NM	190.3±21.3c	15.4±1.7b	9±2.1b	21±2.5d	39.6±2.3c	28.1±3.9b	11 167.5±1 845.0b	—
CK×DM	210.5±16.5c	16.3±0.7b	10±2.1b	25±1.5c	42.1±3.3c	29.5±4.5b	11 389.5±1 476.0b	2.0
FA×NM	300.7±14.7ab	20.0±1.2a	17±2.5a	32±3.1b	50.0±2.9b	36.9±3.2a	13 672.5±1 701.0ab	22.4
FA×DM	290.3±18.2b	20.7±1.8a	15±0.6a	35±2.5ab	55.9±4.2a	41.5±2.9a	14 409.0±2 058.0ab	29.0
FB×NM	310.9±16.4ab	21.4±2.1a	15±1.5a	36±1.5a	53.9±3.4ab	40.0±3.5a	15 574.5±1 873.5a	39.5
FB×DM	320.1±19.2a	19.4±1.2a	15±1.5a	32±0.6b	54.5±2.8ab	40.7±2.6a	16 251.0±1 893.0a	45.5

土层深度/cm Soil depth	指标 Index		产量 Yield		播种后土壤含水量 Soil moisture content after sowing		容重 Bulk density		总孔隙度 Total soil porosity		三相比R值 Three-phase ratio R value		pH值 pH value		总碱度 Total alkalinity	电导率 Electrical conductivity	全盐量 Total salt content
0~5	1		1.000
	2		0.573^*		1.000
	3		-0.646^**		-0.285		1.000
	4		0.647^**		0.285		-1.000^**		1.000
	5		-0.758^**		-0.364		0.895^**		-0.895^**		1.000
	6		-0.534^*		-0.739^**		0.545^*		-0.544^*		0.643^**		1.000
	7		-0.295		0.103		0.447		-0.448		0.471^*		-0.102		1.000
	8		-0.616^**		-0.254		0.843^**		-0.843^**		0.906^**		0.466		0.686^**	1.000
	9		-0.570^*		-0.691^**		0.586^*		-0.586^*		0.707^**		0.949^**		0.014	0.499^**	1.000
5~10	1		1.000
	2		0.674^**		1.000
	3		-0.793^**		-0.399		1.000
	4		0.793^**		0.399		-1.000^**		1.000
	5		-0.718^**		-0.342		0.881^**		-0.881^**		1.000
	6		-0.648^**		-0.504^*		0.816^**		-0.816^**		0.846^**		1.000
	7		-0.193		-0.180		0.059		-0.059		-0.010		0.137		1.000
	8		-0.614^**		-0.268		0.860^**		-0.860^**		0.758^**		0.660^**		0.158	1.000
	9		-0.631^**		-0.455		0.810^**		-0.810^**		0.672^**		0.868^**		0.051	0.708^**	1.000
10~20		1		1.000
		2		0.677^**		1.000
		3		-0.676^**		-0.526^*		1.000
		4		0.676^**		0.526^**		-1.000^**		1.000
		5		-0.638^**		-0.428		0.924^**		-0.924^**		1.000
		6		-0.518^*		-0.460		0.321		-0.321		0.364		1.000
		7		-0.611^**		-0.728^**		0.547^*		-0.547^*		0.408		0.723^**	1.000
		8		-0.619^**		-0.475^*		0.891^**		-0.891^**		0.852^**		0.244	0.479^*	1.000
		9		-0.409		-0.547^*		0.253		-0.254		0.180		0.468	0.763^**	0.324	1.000
20~40		1		1.000
		2		0.858^**		1.000
		3		-0.733^**		-0.782^**		1.000
		4		0.733^**		0.782^**		-1.000^**		1.000
		5		-0.742^**		-0.774^**		0.986^**		-0.986^**		1.000
		6		-0.535^*		-0.677^**		0.522^*		-0.522^**		0.501^*		1.000
		7		-0.708^**		-0.766^**		0.933^**		-0.932^**		0.883^**		0.566^*	1.000
		8		-0.635^**		-0.576^*		0.847^**		-0.847^**		0.887^**		0.377	0.690^**	1.000
		9		-0.577^*		-0.699^**		0.868^**		-0.868^**		0.850^**		0.740^**	0.817^**	0.745^**	1.000

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