长期施用有机肥对苏打盐碱土胶体组分及有机无机复合状况的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193745

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于松嫩平原苏打盐碱土有机肥长期改良试验,以未施用有机肥为对照(CK),研究不同改良年限(4,11,15,20 a)对土壤胶体组分、土壤有机碳组分及土壤有机无机复合程度的影响。结果表明,随着改良年限的增加,土壤水分散组胶体(G₀)含量显著降低(P<0.05),而土壤钙结合的复合体(G₁)含量显著增加(P<0.05),土壤铁铝氧化物结合的复合体(G₂)含量及(G₀+G₁+G₂)含量并无显著性变化;G₀、G₁和G₂组有机碳含量随改良年限的增加均呈增加趋势。与CK相比,施用有机肥处理显著提升了土壤有机碳和重组有机碳含量(P<0.05),并分别在4,11 a处理中达到最大值。改良年限在11 a及以上处理的复合体对土壤固碳的总贡献率为35.51%~54.64%。相对于CK,施用有机肥处理的苏打盐碱土有机无机复合程度均有不同程度提高,改良11 a及以上处理其增幅明显。综上所述,长期施用有机肥促进了苏打盐碱土水分散组胶体向水稳性复合体转化,显著增加了复合体对土壤固碳的贡献率,也显著提升了土壤的有机无机复合程度。

关键词: 苏打盐碱土, 有机肥, 土壤有机碳, 土壤胶体, 有机无机复合

Abstract:

Based on the long-term improvement experiment of organic fertilizer of soda saline-alkali soil in Songnen Plain,the effects of different improvement years(4,11,15,20 a)on soil colloid components,soil organic carbon components and soil organic-mineral compound degree were studied with no improvement as the control(CK).The results showed that with the increase of improvement years,the colloidal content of soil water dispersive group(G₀)decreased significantly(P<0.05),while that of soil calcium-binding complex(G₁)increased significantly(P<0.05);there were no significant changes in colloid content of soil iron and aluminum oxide binding complex(G₂)and(G₀+G₁+G₂)content of different treatments;the organic carbon content in G₀ group,G₁ group and G₂ group showed an increasing trend.Organic carbon content and heavy fraction organic carbon content of all organic fertilizer treatments were significantly increased compared with CK(P<0.05).In all treatments,organic carbon content in 4 a treatment was the highest,and heavy fraction organic carbon content in 11 a treatment was the highest.The total contribution rate of soil carbon sequestration of the treatments complexes with improved years of 11 a or more was 35.51%—54.64%.Compared with CK,organic-mineral compound degree of soda saline-alkali soil treated with organic fertilizer increased to varying degrees,and the increase was obvious in the treatment of 11 a and above.In conclusion,the long-term application of organic fertilizer promoted the transformation of water dispersive colloid of soda saline-alkali soil to water stable complex,significantly increased the contribution rate of the complex to soil carbon fixation,and significantly improved the degree of organic-mineral composition of the soil.

Key words: Soda saline-alkali soil, Organic fertilizer, Soil organic carbon, Soil colloid, Organic-mineral recombination

许连周, 王琪, 刘丹阳, 钟锐, 孟庆峰, 张如月, 刘阳, 马献发, 骆静梅, 邢华铭, 嵩博. 长期施用有机肥对苏打盐碱土胶体组分及有机无机复合状况的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(4): 152-158. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193745.

XU Lianzhou, WANG Qi, LIU Danyang, ZHONG Rui, MENG Qingfeng, ZHANG Ruyue, LIU Yang, MA Xianfa, LUO Jingmei, XING Huaming, SONG Bo. Effects of Long-term Application of Organic Fertilizer on Colloid Components and Organic-Mineral Composition of Soda Saline-alkali Soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(4): 152-158. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193745.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2023/V38/I4/152

图/表 6

表1 长期有机培肥条件下苏打盐碱土的土壤复合体的含量

Tab.1 Content of soil complex in soda saline-alkali soil under long-term organic fertilization%

处理 Treatments	土壤中复合体的含量 Content of soil complex in soil
处理 Treatments	G₀	G₁	G₂	G₀+G₁+G₂
CK	30.33±4.09a	1.43±0.81c	1.72±1.02a	33.48±3.88a
4 a	19.56±4.24b	11.78±5.14b	1.66±0.28a	33.00±2.07a
11 a	10.50±1.47c	19.39±3.39a	1.90±0.23a	31.79±1.98a
15 a	10.01±2.32c	21.57±0.86a	1.33±0.19a	32.91±1.41a
20 a	9.72±1.02c	24.04±0.68a	1.11±0.15a	34.87±0.78a

图1 长期有机培肥的苏打盐碱土的土壤复合体的组成

Fig.1 Composition of soil complexes of soda saline-alkali soil with long-term organic fertilizer

图2 不同改良年限土壤总有机碳及重组有机碳含量的变化误差线上的不同小写字母代表差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig.2 Changes of content of soil total organic carbon and heavy fraction organic carbon in different improvement years Different lowercase letters on the error line represent significant differences(P<0.05).

表2 长期有机培肥处理后土壤有机碳在有机无机复合体中的分布

Tab.2 Distribution of soil organic carbon in organic-mineral complex after long-term organic fertilizer treatments

处理 Treatments	各组复合体有机碳含量/(g/kg) Organic carbon content in each group complex			壤固碳贡献率/% Contribution rate of soil carbon sequestration
处理 Treatments	G₀	G₁	G₂	G₀	G₁	G₂	G₀+G₁+G₂
CK	7.01±0.30c	9.98±0.30b	16.22±0.59c	19.47±6.29a	1.32±0.77c	2.43±1.21b	23.22±6.51b
4 a	14.91±4.10c	20.29±4.33ab	41.21±20.89bc	10.89±3.28a	9.10±4.66bc	2.26±0.50b	22.25±7.56b
11 a	24.24±2.29bc	23.20±3.96ab	69.78±7.77ab	10.79±1.28a	19.12±3.74ab	5.60±0.20a	35.51±2.94ab
15 a	52.35±22.29a	36.38±19.09a	80.17±17.41a	19.64±5.54a	30.76±14.51a	4.24±0.44a	54.64±20.14a
20 a	47.30±13.22ab	18.99±1.70ab	90.12±18.90a	20.42±6.87a	20.20±2.58ab	4.37±0.98a	44.99±5.99a

表3 不同改良年限的土壤有机无机复合情况

Tab.3 Soil organic-mineral compound degree in different improvement years

处理 Treatments	原土复合量/(g/kg) SQC	原土复合度/% SDC	追加复合量/(g/kg) QAC	追加复合度/% DAC
CK	8.73±2.68b	53.95±4.12b	—	—
4 a	17.67±1.16a	55.64±1.73b	8.94±1.16a	43.96±0.94b
11 a	20.16±0.84a	83.77±0.49a	11.43±0.84a	90.69±1.56a
15 a	19.36±2.98a	78.19±5.12a	10.63±2.98a	79.80±10.16a
20 a	17.51±0.35a	77.49±7.79a	8.78±0.35a	79.65±15.44a

图3 土壤总有机碳及其组分与土壤胶体复合状况的相关性分析热图 TOC.总有机碳;HFOC.重组有机碳;G₀-OC.G₀组有机碳;G₁-OC.G₁组有机碳;G₂-OC.G₂组有机碳;SQC.原土复合量;SDC.原土复合度;G₀.G₀组复合体;G₁.G₁组复合体;G₂.G₂组复合体。n=15;^*.在P<0.05水平上相关性显著;^**.在P<0.01水平上相关性极显著;蓝色.负相关;红色.正向关。

Fig.3 Heat map of correlation analysis of soil total organic carbon with its components and soil colloid recombination TOC.Total organic C;HFOC.Heavy fraction organic C;G₀-OC.Group G₀ organic C;G₁-OC.Group G₁ organic C;G₂-OC.Group G₂ organic C;SQC.Soil quantity of organic-mineral complex;SDC.Soil degree of organic-mineral complex;G₀.Group G₀ complex;G₁.Group G₁ complex;G₂.Group G₀ complex.n=15;^*.Significant correlation at P<0.05 level;^**.Significant correlation at P<0.01 level;Blue.Negative correlation;Red.Positive correlation.

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