摘要：

为了选择适合稻茬弱筋小麦高产优质生产的合理施肥模式,以弱筋小麦宁麦13、皖西麦0638为供试品种,设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥复合肥+尿素(T1)、缓释掺混肥料(T2)、控失肥(T3)、腐殖酸复合肥(T4)、小麦配方肥(T5),在养分供应量相同的条件下,分析对稻茬弱筋小麦干物质分配及转运、灌浆、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:缓释掺混肥料与小麦配方肥较常规施肥能显著提高干物质在籽粒中的分配量及比例、花后干物质转运量并且提高小麦籽粒灌浆速率、延长有效灌浆天数、增加粒质量。缓释掺混肥料、控失肥、腐殖酸肥料、小麦配方肥处理较常规施肥均能显著提高小麦籽粒产量,施用缓释掺混肥料和小麦配方肥增产效果显著,显著增加有效穗数及千粒质量,产量分别较常规施肥增产9.27%~24.30%,11.64%~22.98%。缓释掺混肥料2 a间两品种较常规施肥处理氮肥农学效率平均提高23.14%,36.88%,小麦配方肥2 a两品种较常规施肥平均提高36.31%,39.35%。小麦配方肥处理2个供试小麦品种籽粒品质均达到国家弱筋小麦标准。综上所述,小麦配方肥可作为试验地区稻茬弱筋小麦高产优质生产的施肥模式之一,或适当降低缓释掺混肥料的施用量作为稻茬弱筋小麦的高产优质生产施肥模式之一。

关键词: 稻茬弱筋小麦, 肥料, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

In order to select a reasonable fertilization pattern suitable for high-yielding and high-quality production of rice stubble weakly glutenous wheat,this experiment was conducted with weakly glutenous wheat Ningmai 13 and Wanximai 0638 as the test varieties,with no fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization of compound fertilizer+urea(T1),slow-release blended fertilizer(T2),loss-control fertilizer(T3),humic acid compound fertilizer(T4),and wheat formula fertilizer(T5),under the same conditions of nutrient supply,the effects on dry matter distribution and transport,filling,yield and quality of weakly glutenous wheat were analyzed.The results showed that slow-release blended fertilizer and wheat formula significantly increased the post-flowering dry matter production,and increased wheat grain filling rate,effective filling days,and grain weight compared with conventional fertilizer application.The grain yield increased by 9.27%—24.30% and 11.64%—22.98% respectively compared with conventional fertilizer.Slow-release blended fertilizer 2 years two varieties than conventional fertilization treatment of nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency increased by an average of 23.14%, 36.88%, wheat formula fertilizer two years two varieties than conventional fertilization increased by an average of 36.31%, 39.35%. Wheat formula fertilizer treatment of two wheat varieties for testing grain quality had reached the national standard of weak gluten wheat. In summary,wheat formula fertilizer can be used as one of the fertilization patterns for high-yielding and high-quality production of rice stubble weak-gluten wheat in the test area,or appropriately reduce the application amount of slow-release blended fertilizer as the fertilization pattern for high-yielding and high-quality production of rice stubble weak-gluten wheat.

Key words: Rice stubble weak gluten wheat, Fertilizer, Yield, Quality