华北农学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 164-170. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2013.03.029

所属专题: 小麦 玉米 土壤肥料 抗旱节水

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冬小麦-夏玉米复种连作体系下氮肥周年运筹对其产量及构成要素的影响

孙志考1, 田北京1, 王月福1, 赵长星1, 林琪1, 杜金哲1, 王瑞英2   

  1. 1. 青岛农业大学农学与植物保护学院山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室, 山东青岛 266109;
    2. 青岛市农业科学研究院作物研究所, 山东青岛 266100
  • 收稿日期:2013-03-19 出版日期:2013-06-28
  • 通讯作者: 赵长星(1976-),男,山东曹县人,教授,博士,主要从事作物生理生态研究
  • 作者简介:孙志考(1987-),男,山东郯城人,在读硕士,主要从事小麦玉米周年生产生理生态基础研究
  • 基金资助:
    国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD09B01-2);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903007-03);山东省科技发展计划项目(2010GNC10902);山东省“泰山学者”建设项目

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Annual Management on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Wheat and Maize in Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Continuous Cropping System

Sun Zhikao11, Tian Beijing1, Wang Yuefu1, Zhao Changxing1, Lin Qi1, Du Jinzhe1, Wang Ruiying2   

  1. 1. Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Techniques,College of Agronomy and Plant Protection,Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109,China;
    2. Institute of Food Crops,Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100,China
  • Received:2013-03-19 Published:2013-06-28

摘要: 在大田试验条件下,研究了在冬小麦-夏玉米复种连作体系下氮肥周年运筹对其产量以及关键构成要素的影响,分别对两季作物中各产量构成要素。穗部性状和关键农艺性状进行了相关以及通径分析。结果显示,在冬小麦-夏玉米复种连作体系下,中高氮肥水平对冬小麦产量关键性构成要素穗粒数、穗粒质量和每穗结实小穗数的影响均较对照和低氮肥水平有所提高,千粒质量下降;对夏玉米百粒质量、果穗粗、果穗长的影响具有显著提高,但中高氮肥之间差异不显著。本研究认为,华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米复种连作模式下,对冬小麦季灌拔节水和开花水,氮肥施用量为210~270 kg/hm2,采用基施和拔节施,对夏玉米季氮肥施用量为240~300 kg/hm2采用拔节施和大喇叭口施的栽培措施,可以使产量最优。

关键词: 冬小麦, 夏玉米, 复种连作体系, 氮肥周年运筹, 产量构成要素

Abstract: In the field experimental conditions, the studies were carried out on the effects of nitrogen fertilizer annual management on grain yield and yield key components of wheat and maize in winter wheat-summer maize continuous cropping system. At the same time, the correlation and path analysis were made on each yield components,ear and spike characters, the key agronomic characters of winter wheat and summer maize, respectively. The results showed that in winter wheat-summer maize continuous cropping system, the effects of middle and high nitrogen fertilization level on the key yield components of winter wheat, including grain number per spike, spike grain weight and filled spikelet number per spike,were more improved than those of control and low nitrogen fertilization level,and 1000-grain weight was reduced; meanwhile, there were more significant improvement on 100-grain weight,ear weight and length of summer maize under middle and high nitrogen fertilization level. But there was no significant difference between middle and high nitrogen fertilizer level. In conclusion, in winter wheat-summer maize continuous cropping system in North China plain,with irrigation at the jointing and flowering stage of winter wheat, the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer of winter wheat was 210 - 270 kg /ha,which was applied as base and jointing fertilizer,and the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer of summer maize was 240 - 300 kg /ha,which was applied at the jointing and big flare period of summer maize,moreover,nitrogen fertilizer annual management in winter wheat-summer maize continuous cropping system can obtain the optimal yield.

Key words: Winter wheat, Summer maize, Continuous cropping system, Annual nitrogen application, Yield components

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引用本文

孙志考, 田北京, 王月福, 赵长星, 林琪, 杜金哲, 王瑞英. 冬小麦-夏玉米复种连作体系下氮肥周年运筹对其产量及构成要素的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2013, 28(3): 164-170. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2013.03.029.

Sun Zhikao1, Tian Beijing, Wang Yuefu, Zhao Changxing, Lin Qi, Du Jinzhe, Wang Ruiying. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Annual Management on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Wheat and Maize in Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Continuous Cropping System[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2013, 28(3): 164-170. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2013.03.029.

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