海陆棉遗传重组技术和应用研究进展

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193211

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海岛棉纤维品质优良,并具有抗逆性强、抗黄萎病等优点。将海岛棉的优异基因用于陆地棉的遗传改良,实现海陆棉遗传重组,一直是棉花种质资源创新和利用研究的重要课题之一。本研究对海陆棉基因组水平上的常规遗传重组杂交技术、外源海岛棉DNA导入的基因枪法和花粉管通道法、利用染色体水平上的置换系技术的方法、特点和应用进行了综述。回顾了在应对种间遗传障碍时,遗传学家及育种家进行的多种遗传重组技术策略上的尝试。通过育种家们建立的携带有海岛棉染色体基因的陆地棉背景的染色体置换系,可望筛选出能被育种家直接利用的、稳定的、综合性状好的、或具有优异特性的种质材料,以期对今后海陆棉优异种质创制和利用研究起到促进作用,进而加快棉花育种进程。

关键词: 海陆棉遗传重组, 常规杂交技术, 基因枪法, 花粉管通道法, 染色体置换系

Abstract:

Gossypium barbadense L.,has superior cotton fiber quality,good abiotic stress tolerances,and high resistance to verticillium wilt and other biotic stress.It has always been one of the critical research subjects of germplasm improvement and utilization of Gossypium hirsutum L.by recombining exogenous DNA from G.barbadense L..The conventional genetic hybridization technology at genome level,biolistics transformation and pollen tube method for introducing exogenous G.barbadense DNA,and substitution line technology at chromosome level were reviewed.The assessment of attempts from geneticists and breeders in various genetic recombination strategies to deal with the genetic barriers of genetic recombination for these two species were conducted.Chromosome substitution line with G.hirsutum background carrying individual G.barbadense chromosome established by breeders is a prospective solution to develop stable germplasm with elite agronomy traits and/or biotic and abiotic stress tolerances,which will facilitate upland cotton germplasm innovation harboring gene resource from G.barbadense,then accelerate the cotton germplasm improvement.

Key words: Genetic recombination of Gossypium barbadense L.and Gossypium hirsutum L., Conventional hybridization technique, Biolistics transformation, Pollen tube pathway technique, Chromosome substitution lines

耿立格, 孙娟, 郄彦敏, 王新栋. 海陆棉遗传重组技术和应用研究进展[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(S1): 59-65. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193211.

GENG Lige, SUN Juan, QIE Yanmin, WANG Xindong. Advances in Genetic Recombination Technology and Utilization for Gossypium barbadense L.and Gossypium hirsutum L.[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(S1): 59-65. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193211.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/IS1/59

图/表 2

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农艺性状 Agronomic traits	海岛棉染色体或染色体臂 Chromosomes or arms of Gossypium barbadense L.	参考文献 Reference
株高 Plant height	1,2,4,6,16,17,18,22Lo	[33][38]
第一果枝节位 First fruit branch	16,18,15Sh,22Sh	[33][38][39]
现蕾期 Budding period	16	[33]
开花期 Flowering period	16	[33]
吐絮期 Opening period	17	[33]
开放花蕾 Open bud	18	[33]
单株果枝数 Number of fruit branches per plant	16	[33]
单株铃数 Number of bolls per plant	1,4,16,17,18	[33][38]
铃质量 Boll weight	1,4,5Sh,6,7,11Sh,12Sh,14Sh,15Sh,	[33][34][36][38][39]
	16,17,18,22Lo,22Sh,25,26Lo
衣分 Lint	2,5Sh,6,11Sh,16,18,22Lo,22Sh,26Lo	[33][34][38][40]
衣指 Lint index	1,2,4,16	[33]
籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield	1,14Sh,16,17,18,22Sh	[33][34][35][40]
单株籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield per plant	1,16,17,18	[33]
皮棉产量 Lint yield	1,4Sh,14Sh,16,17,18,22Sh,22Lo	[33][34][37]
单株皮棉产量 Lint yield per plant	01,17,18	[33]
霜前花百分率 Flower percentage before frost	16	[33]
黄萎病基因 Verticillium wilt gene	16,26	[38]

农艺性状 Agronomic traits	海岛棉染色体或染色体臂 Chromosomes or arms of Gossypium barbadense L.	参考文献 Reference
株高 Plant height	1,2,4,6,16,17,18,22Lo	[33][38]
第一果枝节位 First fruit branch	16,18,15Sh,22Sh	[33][38][39]
现蕾期 Budding period	16	[33]
开花期 Flowering period	16	[33]
吐絮期 Opening period	17	[33]
开放花蕾 Open bud	18	[33]
单株果枝数 Number of fruit branches per plant	16	[33]
单株铃数 Number of bolls per plant	1,4,16,17,18	[33][38]
铃质量 Boll weight	1,4,5Sh,6,7,11Sh,12Sh,14Sh,15Sh,	[33][34][36][38][39]
	16,17,18,22Lo,22Sh,25,26Lo
衣分 Lint	2,5Sh,6,11Sh,16,18,22Lo,22Sh,26Lo	[33][34][38][40]
衣指 Lint index	1,2,4,16	[33]
籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield	1,14Sh,16,17,18,22Sh	[33][34][35][40]
单株籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield per plant	1,16,17,18	[33]
皮棉产量 Lint yield	1,4Sh,14Sh,16,17,18,22Sh,22Lo	[33][34][37]
单株皮棉产量 Lint yield per plant	01,17,18	[33]
霜前花百分率 Flower percentage before frost	16	[33]
黄萎病基因 Verticillium wilt gene	16,26	[38]

纤维品质性状 Fiber quality traits	海岛棉染色体或染色体臂 Chromosomes or arms of Gossypium barbadense L.	参考文献 Reference
纤维长度 Fiber length	14Sh,15Sh,22Sh,25	[34][39]
纤维强度 Fiber strength	6,11Sh,14Sh,15Sh,22Sh,25	[33][34][35][36][38][39][41]
伸长率 Elongation	11Sh,16,22Sh,22Lo	[39][41]
马克隆值 Micronaire value	1,2,4,6,14Sh,16,17,18,22Sh,25	[33][34][35][36][38][39][40]
纤维整齐度 Fiber uniformity	22Sh	[39]

纤维品质性状 Fiber quality traits	海岛棉染色体或染色体臂 Chromosomes or arms of Gossypium barbadense L.	参考文献 Reference
纤维长度 Fiber length	14Sh,15Sh,22Sh,25	[34][39]
纤维强度 Fiber strength	6,11Sh,14Sh,15Sh,22Sh,25	[33][34][35][36][38][39][41]
伸长率 Elongation	11Sh,16,22Sh,22Lo	[39][41]
马克隆值 Micronaire value	1,2,4,6,14Sh,16,17,18,22Sh,25	[33][34][35][36][38][39][40]
纤维整齐度 Fiber uniformity	22Sh	[39]

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