摘要：

为了明确不同类型大麦源库关系差异及影响产量的主要源库指标,选用叶面积差异较大的4个大麦品种(系)GP6、GKP7、GK6和C2-1,研究花后7~28 d光合特性、干物质、可溶性碳水化合物、灌浆特征参数差异及与产量的关系。结果表明,GP6、GKP7旗叶长宽比低于GK6、C2-1,而旗叶和倒二叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率以及叶可溶性糖较高,GKP7旗叶和倒二叶叶绿素含量降低比例最高,GK6和C2-1降低幅度较小;GK6灌浆初期叶、茎鞘干质量最高,灌浆过程中干物质降低幅度也最大,GP6和GKP7干质量低于GK6,高于C2-1,但整个灌浆期降低幅度较小;GP6和GKP7籽粒快速增质量时间为7~21 d,长于GK6和C2-1(7~14 d),GP6平均灌浆速率(R)和达到最大灌浆速率时间(Tmax)最高,在灌浆初期茎鞘和籽粒可溶性糖含量低于C2-1,高于其他参试材料,随着籽粒灌浆含量迅速降低,运转率较高;GKP7灌浆活跃期(D)和最大灌浆速率(Rmax)均最高,灌浆初期茎鞘可溶性糖含量低于GP6、C2-1,其余灌浆期叶和茎鞘含量均高于其他品种。GK6各器官可溶性糖含量均较低,C2-1灌浆初期茎鞘和籽粒可溶性糖含量最高,但7~14 d含量迅速降低,灌浆后期含量较低。千粒质量、产量均为GP6和GKP7显著高于GK6和C2-1,GK6和C2-1库容较小;穗粒质量/叶面积为GKP7>GP6>C2-1>GK6。相关性分析结果表明,旗叶长宽比与产量极显著负相关,成熟期茎鞘、叶干质量、叶可溶性糖含量、穗粒数、穗粒质量/叶面积与产量显著或极显著正相关,花后7 d旗叶叶绿素含量、光合速率和茎鞘蔗糖含量、花后14~28 d籽粒干质量、R和Rmax与产量极显著正相关。综上,GKP7源库关系最合理,GP6次之,C2-1源库均小,GK6源大库小;旗叶长宽比、灌浆初期叶绿素含量和光合速率、籽粒干质量、最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率可以作为高产育种主要衡量指标。

关键词: 大麦, 源库, 光合特性, 灌浆速率, 产量

Abstract:

In order to identify the differences in source-sink relationships among different types of barley and the main source-sink indexes affecting yield,four barley materials with large leaf area differences,GP6,GKP7,GK6 and C2-1,were selected to study the differences in photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter,soluble carbohydrates,and filling characteristics and their relationships with yield in 7—28 d after anthesis.The results showed that the length-to-width ratio of flag leaves of GK6 and GKP7 was lower than that of GK6 and C2-1,while the chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate and soluble sugar of flag leaves and penultimate leaves were higher.The chlorophyll content of flag leaves and penultimate leaves of GKP7 decreased the most,while the decrease of GK6 and C2-1 was smaller.During the early stage of grain filling,the dry weight of leaves and stem sheaths in GK6 was the highest,but the dry matter decreased the most during the filling process.The dry weight of GP6 and GKP7 was lower than that of GK6 and higher than that of C2-1,but the decrease was relatively small throughout the filling period;the grain rapid weight gain time of GP6 and GKP7 was 7—21 d longer than that of GK6 and C2-1(7—14 d),and the average filling rate(R) and time of maximum filling rate(Tmax)of GP6 was the highest,and the soluble sugar content of stem sheath and grain was lower than that of C2-1 at the early filling stage,which was higher than that of other materials.GKP7 filling active periods(D) and maximum filling rate(Rmax)were the highest,soluble sugar content in stem sheath was lower than GP6 and C2-1 at the early grout stage,and higher than other varieties at the later grout stage of leaf and stem sheath.The soluble sugar content in all organs of GK6 was low,and the soluble sugar content in stem sheath and grains was the highest at the early stage of C2-1 filling,but the content decreased rapidly at 7—14 d and was lower at the later stage of filling.The number of thousand grains weight and yield of GK6 and GKP7 were significantly higher than those of GK6 and C2-1,and the sink capacity of GK6 and C2-1 was smaller.Grain weight per spike/leaf area was GKP7>GP6>C2-1>GK6.Correlation analysis showed that the ratio of flag leaf length to width was negatively correlated with yield,and the stem sheath and leaf dry weight,leaf soluble sugar content,number of grains per spike,grain weight per spike/leaf area were positively correlated with yield at maturity.The chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate at 7 d after anthesis,the grain dry weight at 14—28 d after anthesis,R and Rmax were positively correlated with yield.In summary,GKP7 has the most reasonable source-sink relationship,with GP6 ranking second,C2-1 source and sink are small,and GK6 source is large and sink is small.The ratio of flag leaf length to width,chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate at the beginning of filling,grain dry weight,maximum filling rate and average filling rate can be used as the main indexes for high yield breeding.

Key words: Barley, Source-sink, Photosynthetic characteristics, Grain filling rate, Yield