抗寒锻炼期和返青期黑麦对低温的生理响应机制

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194655

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了揭示冬黑麦应对低温胁迫的生理机制,以冬牧70黑麦和白BK-1黑麦为供试材料,研究对比了这2个品种在冬前抗寒锻炼期和翌年初春返青期叶片及分蘖节的渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶活性等生理变化。结果表明,抗寒锻炼期黑麦主要通过在叶片和分蘖节中积累渗透调节物质来提高耐寒性,其间半致死温度逐渐降低,土壤封冻时白BK-1半致死温度达到-9.93 ℃,较冬牧70低1.95 ℃。白BK-1叶片及分蘖节部位的可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量升高幅度大于冬牧70,这些生理途径在提高白BK-1对冬季低温的耐受力中发挥重要作用。对返青期黑麦的研究发现,随着低温胁迫时间的延长,黑麦丙二醛含量先增后减,黑麦通过增加渗透调节物质含量,提高叶片抗氧化酶活性,来抵御返青期低温。白BK-1受到返青期低温的损伤较轻,恢复生长后丙二醛含量低于冬牧70;此外,2种黑麦恢复生长后在分蘖节积累了较高含量的脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白,为返青后生长发育提供较为充足的营养物质。

关键词: 黑麦, 抗寒锻炼, 返青, 低温生理

Abstract:

In order to reveal the physiological mechanism of winter rye in response to low temperature stress,the physiological changes of osmoregulatory substances and antioxidant enzyme activity in the leaves and tillering nodes of Wintergraze 70 and White BK-1 were compared during the cold hardening and rejuvenation periods.The results showed that during the cold hardening period,rye mainly improved its cold resistance by accumulating osmoregulatory substances in leaves and tillering nodes.During this period,the semi lethal temperature gradually decreased,and the semi lethal temperature of White BK-1 reached -9.93 ℃,which was 1.95 ℃ lower than Wintergraze 70 while the soil freezing.The increase of soluble sugar and soluble protein contents in the leaves and tillering nodes of White BK-1 was greater than those of Wintergraze 70,which meant these physiological pathways played an important role in improving the tolerance of White BK-1 to low temperatures in winter.Research on the rejuvenation period found that with the extension of low temperature stress time,the content of malondialdehyde first increased and then decreased.Rye resisted the low temperature of rejuvenation period by increasing the content of osmoregulatory substances,improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves and regulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes in tillering nodes.White BK-1 suffered less damage under the low temperature stress during rejuvenation period,and its malondialdehyde content was lower than Wintergraze 70 after recovery.In addition,after recovery,two varieties of rye accumulated higher contents of proline and soluble protein in the tillering nodes,which providing sufficient nutrients for growth and development after rejuvenation.

Key words: Rye, Cold hardening, Rejuvenation, Low temperature physiology

杨朝伟, 孙伟红, 任伟, 王丹, 安明珠, 耿飞龙, 王显国. 抗寒锻炼期和返青期黑麦对低温的生理响应机制[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(3): 104-113. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194655.

YANG Chaowei, SUN Weihong, REN Wei, WANG Dan, AN Mingzhu, GENG Feilong, WANG Xianguo. Physiological Response Mechanism of Rye to Low Temperature During Cold Hardening and Rejuvenation Period[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(3): 104-113. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194655.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2024/V39/I3/104

图/表 9

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日期/(月-日) Date	最高气温 Maximum temperature	最低气温 Minimum temperature	平均气温 Average temperature
10-31	18.0	2.0	10.0
11-10	13.0	0.0	6.5
11-20	14.0	4.0	9.0
12-10	3.0	-6.0	-1.5
12-20	0.0	-8.0	-4.0

日期/(月-日) Date	最高气温 Maximum temperature	最低气温 Minimum temperature	平均气温 Average temperature
10-31	18.0	2.0	10.0
11-10	13.0	0.0	6.5
11-20	14.0	4.0	9.0
12-10	3.0	-6.0	-1.5
12-20	0.0	-8.0	-4.0

日期/(月-日) Date	冬牧70 Wintergraze 70	白BK-1 White BK-1
10-31	0.617±0.050ab	0.657±0.056ab
11-10	0.592±0.075b	0.685±0.072a
11-20	0.633±0.082ab	0.683±0.052a
12-10	0.610±0.085b	0.677±0.035a
12-20	0.601±0.056b	0.647±0.032ab

日期/(月-日) Date	冬牧70 Wintergraze 70	白BK-1 White BK-1
10-31	0.617±0.050ab	0.657±0.056ab
11-10	0.592±0.075b	0.685±0.072a
11-20	0.633±0.082ab	0.683±0.052a
12-10	0.610±0.085b	0.677±0.035a
12-20	0.601±0.056b	0.647±0.032ab

日期/(月-日) Date	冬牧70 Wintergraze 70	白BK-1 White BK-1
10-31	-3.84±0.44a	-3.89±0.87a
11-10	-5.35±1.76b	-5.61±0.42b
11-20	-5.94±0.57b	-6.26±0.86b
12-10	-7.59±0.39c	-8.73±0.52c
12-20	-7.98±0.70c	-9.93±0.60d

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