摘要： 通过田间调查与室内分析相结合的方法研究了氮磷钾不同配施水平对花生产量、品质、结荚期叶片SPAD值和气体交换参数、土壤养分含量和后茬黑麦草产量与养分蓄积量的影响，旨在为黑麦-花生一体化种植体系中花生氮磷钾肥的合理施用提供科学依据。结果表明，花生荚果产量、百果重、百仁重、后茬黑麦草产量、蛋白产量等均随氮磷钾施肥水平的提高而增加，但过量施肥花生荚果增产不显著。施肥量增加到一定水平时，花生蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、O/L值才显著提高。提高施肥水平可相应提高花生结荚期叶片叶绿素含量、光合效率，能明显增加土壤有效磷、速效钾含量，但对土壤有机质含量、碱解氮含量影响不显著。黑麦地上部分碳、氮、磷、钾等养分蓄积量均随施肥水平的提高呈增加趋势。同一施肥水平下，碳蓄积量最大、磷蓄积量最小。黑麦-花生一体化种植体系中花生氮磷钾肥的合理用量应为纯氮（N）56.25 kg/hm²、磷（P₂O₅）243.75 kg/hm²、钾（K₂O）187.50 kg/hm²。因此，氮磷钾肥合理施用能提高花生及后茬黑麦的产量、品质，增强光合效率，增加土壤养分含量。

关键词: 花生, 黑麦, 氮磷钾, 一体化种植, 产量, 品质, 养分蓄积

Abstract: To investigate the reasonable amounts of NPK fertilization on peanut in the rotation of peanut and rye during one year,the effects of the different applying amounts of NPK fertilizers on the yield and quality of peanut,the SPAD value and the gas exchange parameters of the leaf of peanut in pod setting stage,and the soil nutrients in the harvest stage of peanut,and the grass yield and the nutrients accumulation above ground of rye were studied by the combining methods of the field investigation and the laboratory analysis.The results showed that the pod yield,the hundred pods weight and the hundred grains weight of peanut,and the grass yield and the protein yield of the following rye were all improved with the increase of NPK fertilizers amounts.However,the excessive fertilization of NPK would cause the increment of the pod yield of peanut being not significant.And the protein content,the fat content,the O/L value of the peanut grain increased significantly when the NPK fertilizers amounts were added to a certain level.And improving the NPK fertilizer levels not only could enhanced significantly the chlorophyll content,photosynthetic efficiency of peanut pod leaf,but also could significantly improve the Alkaline P,Alkaline K content in soil except for the SOM content,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content.The C,N,P and K nutrients of rye accumulated with the increase of the fertilization level,and the maximum amounts of the accumulated nutrient was C,and the mini was P.And the reasonable applying amounts of NPK were N 56.25 kg/ha,P₂O₅ 243.75 kg/ha,K₂O 187.50 kg/ha respectively.In conclusion,the rational application of NPK fertilizers can increase the yield,quality and photosynthetic efficiency and nutrients content in soil.

Key words: Peanut, Rye, NPK, Integrative planting, Yield, Quality, Nutrients accumulation

中图分类号: 

• S143