Effects of Maize Straw Returning Methods and Amount on Growth and Yield of Wheat

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195983

Abstract

Abstract:

The aims were to study the effect of maize straw returning on soil fertility and productivity under wheat-maize rotation system in North China,and to explore the best way and suitable amount of maize straw returning.From 2021 to 2023,a field split-plot experiment was conducted in Quzhou County,Hebei Province to compare the effects of different maize straw returning methods and amounts on wheat growth,yield composition and soil organic matter content.There were two treatments in the main area,which were cutting and crushing.The sub-area was the amount of straw returning to the field,4 levels,which were 0,0.5,1.0,and 1.5 times of the amount of maize straw in the year.The results showed that compared with straw crushing,the yield of wheat increased by 4.3% under straw cutting treatment,the number of spikes increased by 7.6%,and the harvest index increased by 1.4%,with all significant difference in 2023.The N content of wheat straw was significantly increased by 0.04 percentage points,the N and P uptake of wheat aboveground were significantly increased by 10.8% and 14.3%,respectively(2022),but the K content of wheat straw was significantly reduced by 0.13 percentage points(2023).Cutting treatment could significantly promote the growth of wheat before and after winter,and the NDVI value at jointing stage significantly increased by 11.9%(2022).Soil pH increased by 0.22 units(2023).With the increase of maize straw returning amount,wheat yield and NDVI value at jointing stage showed parabolic model of first increased and then decreased,the N,P and K absorption of above ground wheat showed a significant downward trend,and soil organic matter showed a continuous significant increase trend.Based on the growth potential and yield of wheat,the suitable returning ratio of straw cutting treatment was 58%—62%,and the suitable returning ratio of crushing treatment was 29%—42%.Under the conditions of this experiment,maize straw cutting returning has obvious advantages in promoting wheat growth,and increasing wheat yield.It can be popularized and applied in wheat-maize rotation areas that 58%—62% maize straw is returned into the soil.

Key words: Maize straw, Wheat yield, Suitable returning ratio, NDVI

CLC Number:

YANG Yunma, NIE Haoliang, HUANG Shaohui, YANG Huimin, JIA Liangliang, LI Baojun, SI Junyu, YANG Junfang, SUN Yanming, YANG Wenfang, WEN Guochang, PU Yupeng, XING Suli. Effects of Maize Straw Returning Methods and Amount on Growth and Yield of Wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(6): 117-126. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195983.

/ / Recommend / Download Citations

URL: http://www.hbnxb.net/EN/10.7668/hbnxb.20195983

http://www.hbnxb.net/EN/Y2025/V40/I6/117

Figures/Tables 6

References 43

[1]	刘淑军, 李冬初, 黄晶, 曲潇林, 马常宝, 王慧颖, 于子坤, 张璐, 韩天富, 柳开楼, 申哲, 张会民. 近30年来我国小麦和玉米秸秆资源时空变化特征及还田减肥潜力[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(16):3140-3155.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.16.008.
	Liu S J, Li D C, Huang J, Qu X L, Ma C B, Wang H Y, Yu Z K, Zhang L, Han T F, Liu K L, Shen Z, Zhang H M. Spatial-Temporal variation characteristics of wheat and maize stalk resources and chemical fertilizer reduction potential of returning to farmland in recent 30 years in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(16):3140-3155. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.16.008
[2]	王如芳, 张吉旺, 董树亭, 刘鹏. 我国玉米主产区秸秆资源利用现状及其效果[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(6):1504-1510.doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.2011.0204.
	Wang R F, Zhang J W, Dong S T, Liu P. Present situation of maize straw resource utilization and its effect in main maize production regions of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(6):1504-1510.
[3]	葛选良, 杨恒山, 杨学振, 张瑞富, 刘晶, 李莹莹. 浅埋滴灌下玉米秸秆不同还田年限土壤有机碳固存特征及其影响因素[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2024, 32(10):1689-1700.doi:10.12357/cjea.20230769.
	Ge X L, Yang H S, Yang X Z, Zhang R F, Liu J, Li Y Y. Characteristics and influencing factors of soil organic carbon sequestration for different maize straw returning years under shallow buried drip irrigation[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2024, 32(10):1689-1700.
[4]	杨宪龙, 路永莉, 同延安, 林文, 梁婷. 长期施氮和秸秆还田对小麦—玉米轮作体系土壤氮素平衡的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(1):65-73.doi:10.11674/zwyf.2013.0108.
	Yang X L, Lu Y L, Tong Y A, Lin W, Liang T. Effects of long-term N application and straw returning on N budget under wheat-maize rotation system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2013, 19(1):65-73.
[5]	刘兰清, 杨晨璐, 王维钰, 孔德杰, KASHIF Akhtar, 任广鑫, 冯永忠, 杨改河. 免耕条件下秸秆还田与施肥对小麦-玉米轮作系统土壤养分和酶活性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2017, 32(6):213-221.doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2017.06.031.
	Liu L Q, Yang C L, Wang W Y, Kong D J, Kashif A, Ren G X, Feng Y Z, Yang G H. Effects of straw returning to field and fertilization on soil nutrient and enzyme activity in wheat-maize rotation system under no-tillage condition[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2017, 32(6):213-221. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.06.031
[6]	朱兴娟, 李桂花, 涂书新, 杨俊诚, 郭康莉, 冀拯宇, 刘晓, 张建峰, 姜慧敏. 秸秆和秸秆炭对黑土肥力及氮素矿化过程的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2018, 37(12):2785-2792.doi:10.11654/jaes.2018-0165.
	Zhu X J, Li G H, Tu S X, Yang J C, Guo K L, Ji Z Y, Liu X, Zhang J F, Jiang H M. Effects of maize straw and straw biochar on soil fertility and the nitrogen mineralization process[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2018, 37(12):2785-2792.
[7]	于博, 刘雅梦, 杨哲, 王佳乐, 王钰艳, 郭艳, 马扬, 任琴, 穆俊祥. 内蒙古平原灌区土壤固碳与养分吸附特征及秸秆还田调控[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(1):120-126.doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193899.
	Yu B, Liu Y M, Yang Z, Wang J L, Wang Y Y, Guo Y, Ma Y, Ren Q, Mu J X. Characteristics of soil carbon sequestration and nutrient adsorption and regulation of straw returning in Inner Mongolia Plain irrigation area[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(1):120-126. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193899
[8]	黄婷苗, 郑险峰, 王朝辉. 还田玉米秸秆氮释放对关中黄土供氮和冬小麦氮吸收的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(14):2785-2795.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.14.010.
	Huang T M, Zheng X F, Wang Z H. Nitrogen release of returned maize straw and its effects on loess N supply and nitrogen uptake by winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(14):2785-2795.
[9]	李少昆, 王克如, 冯聚凯, 谢瑞芝, 高世菊. 玉米秸秆还田与不同耕作方式下影响小麦出苗的因素[J]. 作物学报, 2006, 32(3):463-465.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0496-3490.2006.03.024.
	Li S K, Wang K R, Feng J K, Xie R Z, Gao S J. Factors affecting seeding emergence in winter wheat under different tillage patterns with maize stalk mulching returned to the field[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2006, 32(3):463-465.
[10]	李玮, 乔玉强, 陈欢, 曹承富, 杜世州, 赵竹. 玉米秸秆还田配施氮肥对冬小麦土壤氮素表观盈亏及产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(3):561-570.doi:10.11674/zwyf.2015.0302.
	Li W, Qiao Y Q, Chen H, Cao C F, Du S Z, Zhao Z. Effects of combined maize straw and N application on soil nitrogen surplus amount and yield of winter wheat[J]. Journal Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(3):561-570.
[11]	刘伟刚. 玉米秸秆还田及其配套措施对小麦产量和土壤性质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2020.doi:10.27409/d.cnki.gxbnu.2020.001725.
	Liu W G. Effects of corn straw returning and supporting measures on wheat yield and soil properties[D]. Yangling: Northwest A&F University,2020.
[12]	张娟霞. 长期秸秆还田与施氮下冬小麦产量和土壤肥力的变化[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2018.
	Zhang J X. Changes of winter wheat yield and soil fertility under long-term straw management and nitrogen application[D]. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2018
[13]	郑伟, 张静, 刘阳, 温晓霞, 廖允成, 高茂盛. 低施肥条件下秸秆还田对冬小麦旗叶衰老的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2009, 29(9):4967-4975.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2009.09.045.
	Zheng W, Zhang J, Liu Y, Wen X X, Liao Y C, Gao M S. Physiological effects of ploughing corn straw under soil on flag-leaf resistance of winter wheat under lowly applying fertilizer condition[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(9):4967-4975.
[14]	杨晓菲, 焦悦莹, 魏钰, 张树军. 不同还田模式下玉米秸秆的腐解特征及对土壤养分的影响[J]. 陕西农业科学, 2025, 71(4):52-56.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0488-5368.2025.04.010.
	Yang X F, Jiao Y Y, Wei Y, Zhang S J. Decomposition characteristics of maize stover and its effects on soil nutrients under different returning modes[J]. Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 71(4):52-56.
[15]	魏龙雪, 裴艳婷, 张书良, 朱金英. 玉米秸秆还田配施不同腐熟剂对小麦氮素利用和产量的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2024, 52(14):117-119,138.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.14.026.
	Wei L X, Pei Y T, Zhang S L, Zhu J Y. Effect of corn straw returned to field with different maturing agents on nitrogen utilization and yield of wheat[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 52(14):117-119,138.
[16]	王鹏博, 张冬霞, 乔唱唱, 黄明, 王贺正. 秸秆还田和施磷量对豫西旱地小麦土壤酶活性和产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(2):534-547.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41030.
	Wang P B, Zhang D X, Qiao C C, Huang M, Wang H Z. Effects of straw returning and phosphorus application on soil enzyme activity and yield formation of wheat in dry land of Western Henan,China[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(2):534-547.
[17]	张莉, 王婧, 逄焕成, 张珺穜, 郭建军, 董国豪, 丛萍. 秸秆颗粒还田对土壤养分和冬小麦产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2017, 25(12):1770-1778.doi:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170451.
	Zhang L, Wang J, Pang H C, Zhang J T, Guo J J, Dong G H, Cong P. Effect of granulated straw incorporation on soil nutrient and grain yield of winter wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2017, 25(12):1770-1778.
[18]	王婧, 张莉, 逄焕成, 张珺穜. 秸秆颗粒化还田加速腐解速率提高培肥效果[J]. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(6):177-183.doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.06.023.
	Wang J, Zhang L, Pang H C, Zhang J T. Returning granulated straw for accelerating decomposition rate and improving soil fertility[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2017, 33(6):177-183.
[19]	张莉, 王婧, 逄焕成, 张珺穜, 郭建军, 董国豪. 短期秸秆颗粒还田对小麦-玉米系统作物产量与土壤呼吸的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(2):565-572.doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201802.030.
	Zhang L, Wang J, Pang H C, Zhang J T, Guo J J, Dong G H. Effects of short-term granulated straw incorporation on grain yield and soil respiration in a winter wheat-summer maize cropping system[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(2):565-572. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201802.030
[20]	董建新, 宋文静, 丛萍, 李玉义, 逄焕成, 郑学博, 王毅, 王婧, 况帅, 徐艳丽. 旋耕配合秸秆颗粒还田对土壤物理特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(13):2789-2803.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.13.009.
	Dong J X, Song W J, Cong P, Li Y Y, Pang H C, Zheng X B, Wang Y, Wang J, Kuang S, Xu Y L. Improving farmland soil physical properties by rotary tillage combined with high amount of granulated straw[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(13):2789-2803. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.13.009
[21]	袁亮, 张春丽, 孟自力. 施用生物炭对冬小麦养分吸收、根际微生物和土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2023, 51(18):201-206.doi:10.15889/j.issn.1002-1302.2023.18.029.
	Yuan L, Zhang C L, Meng Z L. Effects of biochar application on nutrient uptake of winter wheat,rhizosphere microorganisms and soil physical and chemical properties[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 51(18):201-206.
[22]	何家帅, 李新美, 魏跃鹏, 郭航兆, 杨康娜, 孙磊康, 李孝永, 贾绪存, 李玉霞, 李荣发, 王群. 长期深耕秸秆还田配施生物炭对砂姜黑土团聚体及小麦-玉米产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2024, 40(7):161-171.doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202402001.
	He J S, Li X M, Wei Y P, Guo H Z, Yang K N, Sun L K, Li X Y, Jia X C, Li Y X, Li R F, Wang Q. Effects of long-term deep tillage and straw return with biochar addition to lime concretion black soil on the aggregates and wheat-maize yield[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2024, 40(7):161-171.
[23]	付梦雪, 吴名宇, 韩碧波, 张倩, 韩燕来, 谭金芳, 李培培, 张涛, 李慧. 秸秆还田与生物炭配施对麦-玉轮作体系产量和氮素利用率的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(8):89-96.doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0732.
	Fu M X, Wu M Y, Han B B, Zhang Q, Han Y L, Tan J F, Li P P, Zhang T, Li H. Effects of straw returning and biochar application on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat-maize rotation[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(8):89-96. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0732
[24]	姚霞, 刘小军, 田永超, 曹卫星, 朱艳, 张羽. 基于星载通道光谱指数与小麦冠层叶片氮素营养指标的定量关系[J]. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(2):431-437.doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.2013.0176.
	Yao X, Liu X J, Tian Y C, Cao W X, Zhu Y, Zhang Y. Quantitative relationships between satellite channels-based spectral parameters and wheat canopy leaf nitrogen status[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013, 24(2):431-437.
[25]	郭丹丹, 刘哲文, 常旭虹, 王艳杰, 杨玉双, 王玉娇, 王德梅, 赵广才. 强筋小麦群体结构、光能利用及籽粒产量对种植密度与追氮模式的响应[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2024, 44(1):82-91.doi:107.606/ji.ssn1.009-10412.0240.11.
	Guo D D, Liu Z W, Chang X H, Wang Y J, Yang Y S Wang Y J,Wang D M,Zhao G C. Response of population structure,light utilizationand grain yield to planting densityand nitrogen topdressing in strong gluten wheat[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2024, 44(1):82-91.
[26]	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
	Bao S D. Soil and agrochemical analysis[M]. 3th.Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000.
[27]	李泽毅, 马玉洁, 付鑫, 彭正萍, 李旭. 秸秆还田方式配施氮肥对玉米秸秆腐解特征及土壤有机碳的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2024(10):95-104.doi:10.11838/sfsc.1673-6257.23732.
	Li Z Y, Ma Y J, Fu X, Peng Z P, Li X. Effects of straw returning methods combined with nitrogen fertilizer on decomposition characteristics of maize straw and soil organic carbon[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2024(10):95-104.
[28]	屈会娟, 李金才, 沈学善, 魏凤珍, 吴进东, 马蓓. 秸秆全量还田对冬小麦不同小穗位和粒位结实粒数和粒重的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(10):2176-2183.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.10.024.
	Qu H J, Li J C, Shen X S, Wei F Z, Wu J D, Ma B. Effects of all straw returned to the field on grain number and grain weight at different spikelets and grain positions in winter wheat[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(10):2176-2183.
[29]	江晗, 王磊, 卢艳丽, 白由路, 王洛斌, 徐鹏娜. 长期秸秆还田对典型潮土区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系产量及氨挥发的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2025, 31(2):213-225.doi:10.11674/zwyf.2024389.
	Jiang H, Wang L, Lu Y L, Bai Y L, Wang L B, Xu P N. Effects of long-term straw return on crop yield and ammonia volatilization of winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in typical fluvo-aquic soil region[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2025, 31(2):213-225.
[30]	张素瑜, 杨习文, 李向东, 杨明达, 王和洲, 贺德先. 土壤水分对玉米秸秆还田腐解率、土壤肥力及小麦籽粒蛋白质产量的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2019, 39(2):186-193.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2019.02.09.
	Zhang S Y, Yang X W, Li X D, Yang M D, Wang H Z, He D X. Influence of soil moisture on decomposition of maize stalk,soil fertility and grain protein yield in winter wheat[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2019, 39(2):186-193.
[31]	黄婷苗, 郑险峰, 侯仰毅, 李晓, 王朝辉. 秸秆还田对冬小麦产量和氮、磷、钾吸收利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2015, 21(4):853-863.doi:10.11674/zwyf.2015.0404.
	Huang T M, Zheng X F, Hou Y Y, Li X, Wang Z H. Yield and N, P and K uptake and utilization of winter wheat affected by straw return to soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Sciences, 2015, 21(4):853-863.
[32]	张静. 玉米秸秆还田与氮肥互作对接茬麦田土壤碳氮的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2009.
	Zhang J. The effect of maize straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer interaction on soil C and N in continuing cultivated wheat field[D]. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2009.
[33]	闫翠萍, 裴雪霞, 王姣爱, 杨峰, 曹勇, 张晶, 党建友. 秸秆还田与施氮对冬小麦生长发育及水肥利用率的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2011, 19(2):271-275.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1011.2011.00271.
	Yan C P, Pei X X, Wang J A, Yang F, Cao Y, Zhang J, Dang J Y. Effect of corn straw returned to soil and N application on growth,water and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2011, 19(2):271-275. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2011.00271 URL
[34]	潘剑玲, 代万安, 尚占环, 郭瑞英. 秸秆还田对土壤有机质和氮素有效性影响及机制研究进展[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2013, 21(5):526-535.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1011.2013.00526.
	Pan J L, Dai W A, Shang Z H, Guo R Y. Review of research progress on the influence and mechanism of field straw residue incorporation on soil organic matter and nitrogen availability[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2013, 21(5):526-535. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2013.00526 URL
[35]	Recous S, Robin D, Darwis D, Mary B. Soil inorganic N availability:effect on maize residue decomposition[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1995, 27(12):1529-1538.doi:10.1016/0038-0717(95)00096-W. URL
[36]	Henriksen T M, Breland T A. Carbon mineralization,fungal and bacterial growth,and enzyme activities as affected by contact between crop residues and soil[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2002, 35(1):41-48.doi:10.1007/s00374-001-0438-0. URL
[37]	Kuang E J, Chi F Q, Jeng A S, Su Q R, Zhang J M. A comparison of different methods of decomposing maize straw in China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Soil & Plant Science, 2014, 63(S2):186-194.doi:10.1080/09064710.2014.899615.
[38]	匡恩俊, 迟凤琴, 宿庆瑞, 张久明, 金梁. 不同还田方式下玉米秸秆腐解规律的研究[J]. 玉米科学 2012, 20(2):99-101,106.doi:10.13597/j.cnki.maize.science.2012.02.021.
	Kuang E J, Chi F Q, Su Q R, Zhang J M, Jin L. Decomposition characteristics of maize straws under different returning methods[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2012, 20(2):99-101,106.
[39]	李红星, 高飞, 任佰朝, 赵斌, 刘鹏, 张吉旺. 夏玉米秸秆还田量和施氮量对冬小麦产量和氮素利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(7):1260-1270.doi:10.11674/zwyf.2021606.
	Li H X, Gao F, Ren B C, Zhao B, Liu P, Zhang J W. Effects of straw incorporation and nitrogen application rate on winter wheat yield and nitrogen utilization[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2022, 28(7):1260-1270.
[40]	邵云, 马守田, 李学梅, 马守臣, 冯荣成, 陈惠婷, 王文斐, 郝真真. 秸秆还田方式对麦田土壤碳、氮、水动态及小麦产量的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2014, 34(11):1545-1551.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2014.11.18.
	Shao Y, Ma S T, Li X M, Ma S C, Feng R C, Chen H T, Wang W F, Hao Z Z. Effects of different straw returning methods on soil carbon,nitrogen,water dynamics and yield of wheat[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2014, 34(11):1545-1551.
[41]	黄伟祥, 王菲菲, 唐志伟, 刘琴, 赵丰俊, 郑晓潇, 蔡洪梅, 翁颖, 王睿, 郑宝强, 李金才, 陈翔. 不同秸秆还田模式对早春受冻小麦生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2025, 45(8):1080-1088.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2025.08.10.
	Huang W X, Wang F F, Tang Z W, Liu Q, Zhao F J, Zheng X X, Cai H M, Weng Y, Wang R, Zheng B Q, Li J C, Chen X. Effect of different straw returning modeson the growth and physiological characteristics of wheat seedlings under freezing stressin early spring[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2025, 45(8):1080-1088.
[42]	单鹤翔, 卢昌艾, 张金涛, 王金洲, 徐明岗. 不同肥力土壤下施氮与玉米秸秆还田对冬小麦氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18(1):35-41.doi:10.11674/zwyf.2012.11227.
	Shan H X, Lu C A, Zhang J T, Wang J Z, Xu M G. Effect of maize straw applied with N fertilizer on nitrogen adsorption of winter wheat under different soil fertility[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2012, 18(1):35-41.
[43]	党建友, 裴雪霞, 张定一, 王姣爱, 张晶. 秸秆还田下施氮模式对冬小麦生长发育及肥料利用率的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2014, 34(11):1552-1558.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2014.11.19.
	Dang J Y, Pei X X, Zhang D Y, Wang J A, Zhang J. Effects of nitrogen application patterns on growth and nutrient use efficiency of winter wheat under corn straw returned to field[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2014, 34(11):1552-1558.

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	收获指数 Harvest index	穗数 /(×10⁶穗/hm²) Spike No.	穗粒数 Grain numbers per spike	千粒质量/g 1000-kernel weight
2022	D 0	0.452±0.020c	6.39±1.07a	47.6±1.3a	49.3±0.3a
	D 0.5	0.471±0.012b	6.18±0.96a	46.4±1.1ab	49.3±0.2a
	D 1.0	0.485±0.040a	6.41±0.28a	46.4±1.0ab	49.7±0.6a
	D 1.5	0.500±0.002a	6.23±1.00a	45.1±1.3b	50.1±0.6a
	S 0	0.455±0.012b	6.39±0.25a	46.7±0.9a	49.6±0.8a
	S 0.5	0.462±0.008b	6.19±0.56a	45.8±1.3ab	49.3±0.6a
	S 1.0	0.479±0.003a	5.73±0.17a	45.4±1.2ab	49.5±0.5a
	S 1.5	0.494±0.008a	5.51±0.17a	44.4±1.5b	50.0±0.4a
	切段平均	0.477±0.021a	6.30±0.76a	46.4±1.4a	49.6±0.5a
	粉碎平均	0.473±0.018b	5.95±0.52a	45.6±1.4a	49.6±0.6a
2023	D 0	0.486±0.003c	7.67±0.21b	31.9±0.3a	49.5±0.3a
	D 0.5	0.490±0.003bc	8.18±0.13a	30.4±1.1b	49.8±0.7a
	D 1.0	0.494±0.003b	7.44±0.26b	30.1±0.8b	49.7±0.9a
	D 1.5	0.522±0.003a	6.79±0.11c	29.5±1.3b	49.5±0.7a
	S 0	0.483±0.003c	7.18±0.32ab	31.1±1.6a	49.5±1.1a
	S 0.5	0.486±0.003bc	7.40±0.31a	30.4±1.0ab	49.5±0.5a
	S 1.0	0.489±0.003b	6.96±0.50b	29.9±0.1ab	49.6±0.6a
	S 1.5	0.505±0.004a	6.43±0.24c	29.3±0.6b	49.7±0.5a
	切段平均	0.498±0.015a	7.52±0.55a	30.5±1.2a	49.6±0.6a
	粉碎平均	0.491±0.009b	6.99±0.48b	30.2±1.1a	49.6±0.6a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	收获指数 Harvest index	穗数 /(×10⁶穗/hm²) Spike No.	穗粒数 Grain numbers per spike	千粒质量/g 1000-kernel weight
2022	D 0	0.452±0.020c	6.39±1.07a	47.6±1.3a	49.3±0.3a
	D 0.5	0.471±0.012b	6.18±0.96a	46.4±1.1ab	49.3±0.2a
	D 1.0	0.485±0.040a	6.41±0.28a	46.4±1.0ab	49.7±0.6a
	D 1.5	0.500±0.002a	6.23±1.00a	45.1±1.3b	50.1±0.6a
	S 0	0.455±0.012b	6.39±0.25a	46.7±0.9a	49.6±0.8a
	S 0.5	0.462±0.008b	6.19±0.56a	45.8±1.3ab	49.3±0.6a
	S 1.0	0.479±0.003a	5.73±0.17a	45.4±1.2ab	49.5±0.5a
	S 1.5	0.494±0.008a	5.51±0.17a	44.4±1.5b	50.0±0.4a
	切段平均	0.477±0.021a	6.30±0.76a	46.4±1.4a	49.6±0.5a
	粉碎平均	0.473±0.018b	5.95±0.52a	45.6±1.4a	49.6±0.6a
2023	D 0	0.486±0.003c	7.67±0.21b	31.9±0.3a	49.5±0.3a
	D 0.5	0.490±0.003bc	8.18±0.13a	30.4±1.1b	49.8±0.7a
	D 1.0	0.494±0.003b	7.44±0.26b	30.1±0.8b	49.7±0.9a
	D 1.5	0.522±0.003a	6.79±0.11c	29.5±1.3b	49.5±0.7a
	S 0	0.483±0.003c	7.18±0.32ab	31.1±1.6a	49.5±1.1a
	S 0.5	0.486±0.003bc	7.40±0.31a	30.4±1.0ab	49.5±0.5a
	S 1.0	0.489±0.003b	6.96±0.50b	29.9±0.1ab	49.6±0.6a
	S 1.5	0.505±0.004a	6.43±0.24c	29.3±0.6b	49.7±0.5a
	切段平均	0.498±0.015a	7.52±0.55a	30.5±1.2a	49.6±0.6a
	粉碎平均	0.491±0.009b	6.99±0.48b	30.2±1.1a	49.6±0.6a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	籽粒 Grain			秸秆 Straw
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	N	P	K	N	P	K
2022	D 0	2.48±0.15ab	0.33±0.04b	0.55±0.02ab	0.78±0.02ab	0.073±0.010a	2.79±0.25a
	D 0.5	2.51±0.01a	0.33±0.01b	0.53±0.02b	0.73±0.02b	0.076±0.006a	2.78±0.27a
	D 1.0	2.33±0.11c	0.37±0.01a	0.56±0.02a	0.76±0.03ab	0.074±0.004a	2.96±0.21a
	D 1.5	2.36±0.06bc	0.35±0.01ab	0.55±0.02ab	0.79±0.02a	0.071±0.004a	3.05±0.32a
	S 0	2.49±0.04a	0.32±0.02a	0.54±0.01a	0.77±0.04a	0.060±0.004b	3.21±0.24a
	S 0.5	2.32±0.08b	0.33±0.01a	0.56±0.01a	0.73±0.03a	0.065±0.005ab	3.03±0.15a
	S 1.0	2.26±0.11b	0.32±0.01a	0.54±0.01a	0.73±0.05a	0.071±0.002a	3.20±0.12a
	S 1.5	2.32±0.15b	0.33±0.01a	0.55±0.02a	0.74±0.02a	0.068±0.004ab	3.10±0.14a
	切段平均	2.42±0.12a	0.34±0.02a	0.55±0.02a	0.76±0.03a	0.073±0.006a	2.90±0.25a
	粉碎平均	2.35±0.12a	0.33±0.01a	0.55±0.02a	0.74±0.04a	0.066±0.005a	3.13±0.17a
2023	D 0	2.69±0.10b	0.39±0.01a	0.43±0.02b	0.68±0.01b	0.053±0.006b	3.02±0.06ab
	D 0.5	2.84±0.06a	0.39±0.01a	0.44±0.01ab	0.67±0.03b	0.061±0.001a	2.95±0.01b
	D 1.0	2.74±0.08b	0.39±0.01a	0.45±0.01a	0.68±0.01b	0.055±0.003ab	3.04±0.07a
	D 1.5	2.76±0.02ab	0.40±0.01a	0.45±0.01a	0.71±0.02a	0.055±0.006ab	3.06±0.02a
	S 0	2.72±0.06ab	0.36±0.02b	0.42±0.01b	0.64±0.02a	0.050±0.003b	3.08±0.06b
	S 0.5	2.74±0.04ab	0.37±0.02b	0.43±0.01b	0.67±0.02a	0.058±0.003a	3.13±0.06b
	S 1.0	2.81±0.07a	0.39±0.02a	0.42±0.01b	0.63±0.01a	0.063±0.002a	3.10±0.04b
	S 1.5	2.68±0.01b	0.41±0.01a	0.44±0.01ab	0.67±0.04a	0.059±0.002a	3.27±0.01a
	切段平均	2.76±0.08a	0.39±0.01a	0.44±0.01a	0.69±0.03a	0.056±0.001a	3.02±0.06b
	粉碎平均	2.74±0.06a	0.38±0.03a	0.43±0.01a	0.65±0.03b	0.058±0.001a	3.15±0.09a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	籽粒 Grain			秸秆 Straw
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	N	P	K	N	P	K
2022	D 0	2.48±0.15ab	0.33±0.04b	0.55±0.02ab	0.78±0.02ab	0.073±0.010a	2.79±0.25a
	D 0.5	2.51±0.01a	0.33±0.01b	0.53±0.02b	0.73±0.02b	0.076±0.006a	2.78±0.27a
	D 1.0	2.33±0.11c	0.37±0.01a	0.56±0.02a	0.76±0.03ab	0.074±0.004a	2.96±0.21a
	D 1.5	2.36±0.06bc	0.35±0.01ab	0.55±0.02ab	0.79±0.02a	0.071±0.004a	3.05±0.32a
	S 0	2.49±0.04a	0.32±0.02a	0.54±0.01a	0.77±0.04a	0.060±0.004b	3.21±0.24a
	S 0.5	2.32±0.08b	0.33±0.01a	0.56±0.01a	0.73±0.03a	0.065±0.005ab	3.03±0.15a
	S 1.0	2.26±0.11b	0.32±0.01a	0.54±0.01a	0.73±0.05a	0.071±0.002a	3.20±0.12a
	S 1.5	2.32±0.15b	0.33±0.01a	0.55±0.02a	0.74±0.02a	0.068±0.004ab	3.10±0.14a
	切段平均	2.42±0.12a	0.34±0.02a	0.55±0.02a	0.76±0.03a	0.073±0.006a	2.90±0.25a
	粉碎平均	2.35±0.12a	0.33±0.01a	0.55±0.02a	0.74±0.04a	0.066±0.005a	3.13±0.17a
2023	D 0	2.69±0.10b	0.39±0.01a	0.43±0.02b	0.68±0.01b	0.053±0.006b	3.02±0.06ab
	D 0.5	2.84±0.06a	0.39±0.01a	0.44±0.01ab	0.67±0.03b	0.061±0.001a	2.95±0.01b
	D 1.0	2.74±0.08b	0.39±0.01a	0.45±0.01a	0.68±0.01b	0.055±0.003ab	3.04±0.07a
	D 1.5	2.76±0.02ab	0.40±0.01a	0.45±0.01a	0.71±0.02a	0.055±0.006ab	3.06±0.02a
	S 0	2.72±0.06ab	0.36±0.02b	0.42±0.01b	0.64±0.02a	0.050±0.003b	3.08±0.06b
	S 0.5	2.74±0.04ab	0.37±0.02b	0.43±0.01b	0.67±0.02a	0.058±0.003a	3.13±0.06b
	S 1.0	2.81±0.07a	0.39±0.02a	0.42±0.01b	0.63±0.01a	0.063±0.002a	3.10±0.04b
	S 1.5	2.68±0.01b	0.41±0.01a	0.44±0.01ab	0.67±0.04a	0.059±0.002a	3.27±0.01a
	切段平均	2.76±0.08a	0.39±0.01a	0.44±0.01a	0.69±0.03a	0.056±0.001a	3.02±0.06b
	粉碎平均	2.74±0.06a	0.38±0.03a	0.43±0.01a	0.65±0.03b	0.058±0.001a	3.15±0.09a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	N	P	K
2022	D 0	302±25a	36.8±5.2a	360±36a
	D 0.5	300±7ab	37.3±1.3a	337±22a
	D 1.0	279±6bc	39.4±1.4a	346±22a
	D 1.5	272±14c	36.3±2.8a	325±60a
	S 0	282±18a	32.1±3.2a	360±12a
	S 0.5	264±8ab	33.9±2.0a	339±11ab
	S 1.0	248±15b	32.8±0.8a	316±19ab
	S 1.5	246±18b	32.2±1.8a	290±10b
	切段平均	288±19a	37.4±2.9a	342±35a
	粉碎平均	260±20b	32.7±2.0b	327±30a
2023	D 0	328±10c	43.1±1.5b	353±14a
	D 0.5	362±12a	46.8±0.8a	358±1a
	D 1.0	344±10b	45.2±0.5ab	362±4a
	D 1.5	307±8d	40.6±1.2c	297±10a
	S 0	332±10ab	39.4±2.3b	358±8b
	S 0.5	347±9a	43.0±2.0a	378±9a
	S 1.0	321±9b	41.7±1.1ab	334±11c
	S 1.5	295±10c	41.0±1.5ab	319±10c
	切段平均	335±23a	43.9±2.6a	342±29b
	粉碎平均	324±21b	41.3±2.0b	347±25a

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export