Effect of Irrigation on Yield and Plant Physicochemical Characters of Summer Maize

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193915

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the impact of irrigation amount on maize production,using Zhengdan 958 as the main material and the local average reference crop water demand(ET0)was used as the basis of irrigation volume,a study was conducted under rain-protection shed in 2020 and 2021,which included eight irrigation treatments:T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7 and T8 representing 60% ET0,80% ET0,100% ET0,120% ET0,140% ET0,160% ET0,180% ET0 and 200% ET0,respectively.The study aimed at analysing the effects of irrigation on yield and its components and plant physicochemical properties.The results indicated that the yield and its components,ear length,grain dry matter distribution ratio,free water content,plant height,ear position height,ear height coefficient,photosynthetic potential and seed setting rate of maize showed an increasing trend when irrigation was added.Specifically, the yield and grain number per ear increased significantly while the material distribution ratio decreased in leaf and corn cob.There was a small change rate of chlorophyll and water potential of maize leaves,no significant difference in plant height and ear position height among treatments and stable ear height coefficient at VT and R6 stages under high water treatment(T5—T8).Comparing with T3,a decrease of 20% and 40% in irrigation volume could cause a significant decrease in yield,but the lower yield increase rate appeared when irrigation volume had the same increase rate as the decrease rate. The seed setting rate also showed the same variation under the same condition. However,the water supply efficiency decreased with the increase of irrigation volume and declined more than 20% when the irrigation volume exceeded T6.Correlation analysis showed that correlation between maize yield and leaf chlorophyll content,water potential at anthesis and water content was not significant,but there was a significant or extremely significant correlation with other factors.Therefore,maize yield could be raised by improving ear traits,grain dry matter distribution ratio and physical and chemical properties of plant development through irrigation,an increased irrigation amount by 40%—60% on the basis of the average water demand should be suggested for maximizing the yield and efficiency during the growth period in the region.

Key words: Summer maize, Irrigation amount, Yield, Physicochemical character

ZHANG Lihua, ZHAI Lichao, CUI Yongzeng, DONG Zhiqiang, CUI Yingshu, ZHANG Jingting, JIA Xiuling. Effect of Irrigation on Yield and Plant Physicochemical Characters of Summer Maize[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(6): 72-80. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193915.

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Figures/Tables 13

References 34

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年度 Year	处理 Treatment	穗粒数 Grains per ear	千粒质量/g 1 000 grains weight	产量/(kg/hm²) Yield
2020	T1	254.3±16.0f	287.6±14.8d	6 868.9±902.9f
	T2	258.0±39.0f	298.9±11.1d	6 645.8±797.0f
	T3	318.4±14.9e	320.3±36.7c	8 844.4±556.2e
	T4	337.7±25.4d	343.6±13.9ab	8 167.9±414.5d
	T5	384.3±43.6c	337.1±11.2b	9 806.3±1 197.5c
	T6	395.4±53.9c	343.9±6.7ab	10 098.8±1 024.0c
	T7	440.9±35.8b	347.2±9.0ab	11 368.9±1 214.6b
	T8	480.2±18.3a	360.7±7.3a	12 558.8±708.9a
	平均	358.6±83.0a	329.9±28.2a	9 294.9±2 593.3a
2021	T1	192.1±89.4f	336.7±42.9b	3 647.9±2 014.7f
	T2	314.9±48.2e	313.3±26.2c	7 328.1±1 020.3e
	T3	331.6±45.0d	326.1±10.7bc	7 556.0±1 403.6e
	T4	355.0±36.9c	309.6±41.6c	8 724.3±597.2d
	T5	420.2±43.1b	320.9±14.5bc	10 741.8±1 085.9c
	T6	424.7±83.5b	348.5±31.8a	11 920.3±949.6b
	T7	452.4±25.3a	353.6±36.5a	11 770.1±1 157.2b
	T8	470.5±26.2a	348.4±25.9a	12 994.3±1 221.7a
	平均	370.2±99.5a	332.1±35.5a	9 335.0±2 417.1a

年度 Year	处理 Treatment	穗粒数 Grains per ear	千粒质量/g 1 000 grains weight	产量/(kg/hm²) Yield
2020	T1	254.3±16.0f	287.6±14.8d	6 868.9±902.9f
	T2	258.0±39.0f	298.9±11.1d	6 645.8±797.0f
	T3	318.4±14.9e	320.3±36.7c	8 844.4±556.2e
	T4	337.7±25.4d	343.6±13.9ab	8 167.9±414.5d
	T5	384.3±43.6c	337.1±11.2b	9 806.3±1 197.5c
	T6	395.4±53.9c	343.9±6.7ab	10 098.8±1 024.0c
	T7	440.9±35.8b	347.2±9.0ab	11 368.9±1 214.6b
	T8	480.2±18.3a	360.7±7.3a	12 558.8±708.9a
	平均	358.6±83.0a	329.9±28.2a	9 294.9±2 593.3a
2021	T1	192.1±89.4f	336.7±42.9b	3 647.9±2 014.7f
	T2	314.9±48.2e	313.3±26.2c	7 328.1±1 020.3e
	T3	331.6±45.0d	326.1±10.7bc	7 556.0±1 403.6e
	T4	355.0±36.9c	309.6±41.6c	8 724.3±597.2d
	T5	420.2±43.1b	320.9±14.5bc	10 741.8±1 085.9c
	T6	424.7±83.5b	348.5±31.8a	11 920.3±949.6b
	T7	452.4±25.3a	353.6±36.5a	11 770.1±1 157.2b
	T8	470.5±26.2a	348.4±25.9a	12 994.3±1 221.7a
	平均	370.2±99.5a	332.1±35.5a	9 335.0±2 417.1a

处理 Treatment	2020	2021	平均 Average
T1	29.7±13.1a	15.8±3.9e	22.7±11.6a
T2	21.5±5.0c	23.8±4.9a	22.6±4.7a
T3	22.9±5.5b	19.6±2.6bc	21.3±4.3b
T4	17.6±1.9d	18.9±1.1c	18.2±1.6c
T5	18.2±3.0d	19.9±2.2b	19.0±2.6c
T6	16.4±2.6e	19.3±3.4bc	17.8±3.3d
T7	16.4±2.5e	17.0±1.7d	16.7±2.0e
T8	16.3±2.4e	16.8±0.9d	16.6±1.7e

处理 Treatment	2020	2021	平均 Average
T1	29.7±13.1a	15.8±3.9e	22.7±11.6a
T2	21.5±5.0c	23.8±4.9a	22.6±4.7a
T3	22.9±5.5b	19.6±2.6bc	21.3±4.3b
T4	17.6±1.9d	18.9±1.1c	18.2±1.6c
T5	18.2±3.0d	19.9±2.2b	19.0±2.6c
T6	16.4±2.6e	19.3±3.4bc	17.8±3.3d
T7	16.4±2.5e	17.0±1.7d	16.7±2.0e
T8	16.3±2.4e	16.8±0.9d	16.6±1.7e

年度 Year	处理 Treatment	穗长 Ear length	穗粗 Ear diameter	秃尖 Bare tip of ear
2020	T1	11.0±0.7d	4.23±0.16d	1.43±0.32b
	T2	10.5±0.9d	4.20±0.18d	1.23±0.23c
	T3	13.2±1.3c	4.37±0.43d	1.60±0.17a
	T4	13.5±1.0c	4.67±0.22c	1.50±0.54b
	T5	14.3±0.7b	4.85±0.07abc	1.63±0.29a
	T6	15.8±4.7a	4.75±0.27bc	1.60±0.44a
	T7	14.7±0.7b	4.96±0.04ab	1.63±0.38a
	T8	16.0±0.4a	5.03±0.09a	1.48±0.31b
2021	T1	12.1±1.5d	3.36±0.80c	3.35±1.59a
	T2	13.6±0.3c	4.41±0.30b	1.38±0.49c
	T3	13.6±1.1c	4.90±0.98a	1.26±0.29d
	T4	13.6±1.1c	4.40±0.41b	1.49±0.57b
	T5	15.1±0.7b	4.71±0.16a	1.15±0.22e
	T6	15.5±1.4ab	4.79±0.34a	1.42±1.12bc
	T7	15.8±0.4ab	4.84±0.13a	0.96±0.27f
	T8	16.1±0.7a	4.90±0.06a	0.65±0.11g

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