Accumulation Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil-agricultural Products in Typical Regions of Hebei Province

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193630

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to understand the characteristics and potential risks of heavy metals accumulation in farmland soils and agricultural products in typical areas of Hebei Province,soil samples (0—20 cm)and agricultural products were collected from metal smelting areas,sewage irrigation areas and vegetable areas,the contents of heavy metals Cr,Cd,Pb,As,Hg,Cu,Zn and soil pH were determined. The environmental quality of farmland soil in typical areas of Hebei Province was evaluated by the method of combining single-factor pollution index with nemerow comprehensive pollution index,the safety of agricultural products was evaluated. The results showed that the descending order of single pollution index of 7 heavy metals was Cd,Zn,Cu,As,Cr,Pb and Hg,and the single pollution index of Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn in some soil samples was more than 1.0,the environmental quality was above grade Ⅲ,and the rate of exceeding the standard of soil Cd was the highest (18.51%). Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn in the soils of the smelting area exceeded the standard,and the exceeding rate was 92.31%,69.23%,34.62% and 26.92%,respectively. The accumulation of Cd and Zn in the soil of sewage irrigation area was the most obvious,and the over-standard rate was 8.70%. The accumulation of Cd in vegetable soil was the most obvious,and the over-standard rate was 9.94%. Overall,the comprehensive pollution index of 7 heavy metals in farmland of Hebei Province was 0.64,and the soil environmental quality was in grade Ⅰ,which was clean. The soil environmental quality grades of smelting area,sewage irrigation area and vegetable area were in grade Ⅲ(light pollution),Grade Ⅰ(safety)and Grade Ⅰ(safety),respectively. According to the relevant food safety standards (NY 861—2004,GB2762—2022),the excess rates of Pb,Cd and Zn in wheat grains around the smelting area were 40.00%,40.00% and 60.00%,respectively. The excess rates of Zn,Pb and Cd in wheat grains were 57.45%,8.51% and 6.38%,respectively. The content of heavy metals in all vegetables in the vegetable area was not exceeding the standard,and the quality of vegetables is safe. Therefore,the soil environmental quality and the quality safety of agricultural products in smelting and sewage irrigation areas should be paid enough attention.

Key words: Soil, Heavy metals, Agricultural products, Typical area, Accumulation characteristics, Risk assessment

RU Shuhua, XU Wanqiang, ZHAO Ouya, SUN Shiyou, LIU Lei, XIAO Guangmin, HOU Limin. Accumulation Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil-agricultural Products in Typical Regions of Hebei Province[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(S1): 339-347. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193630.

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References 31

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项目Item	5.5<pH≤6.5	6.5<pH≤7.5	pH>7.5
Cd	0.3	0.3	0.6
Hg	0.8	2.4	3.4
As	40.0	30.0	25.0
Pb	90.0	120.0	170.0
Cr	150.0	200.0	250.0
Cu	50.0	100.0	100.0
Zn	200.0	250.0	300.0

项目Item	5.5<pH≤6.5	6.5<pH≤7.5	pH>7.5
Cd	0.3	0.3	0.6
Hg	0.8	2.4	3.4
As	40.0	30.0	25.0
Pb	90.0	120.0	170.0
Cr	150.0	200.0	250.0
Cu	50.0	100.0	100.0
Zn	200.0	250.0	300.0

等级划分 Hierarchy	污染指数(P_i) Pollution index	污染等级 Pollution class	污染水平 Pollution level
Ⅰ	P_i≤0.7	安全	清洁
Ⅱ	0.7<P_i≤1.0	警戒	尚清洁
Ⅲ	1.0<P_i≤2.0	轻度污染	土壤轻污染,作物开始受污染
Ⅳ	2.0<P_i≤3.0	中度污染	土壤、作物均受中度污染
Ⅴ	P_i >3.0	重度污染	土壤、作物已严重受污染

等级划分 Hierarchy	污染指数(P_i) Pollution index	污染等级 Pollution class	污染水平 Pollution level
Ⅰ	P_i≤0.7	安全	清洁
Ⅱ	0.7<P_i≤1.0	警戒	尚清洁
Ⅲ	1.0<P_i≤2.0	轻度污染	土壤轻污染,作物开始受污染
Ⅳ	2.0<P_i≤3.0	中度污染	土壤、作物均受中度污染
Ⅴ	P_i >3.0	重度污染	土壤、作物已严重受污染

元素 Element	算术平均值/(mg/kg) Arithmetic mean		分布类型 Distribution type	几何均值/(mg/kg) Geometric Mean	中位值/(mg/kg) Median	最小值/(mg/kg) Minmum	最大值/(mg/kg) Maxmum	变异系数/%CV
	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
	Cr	82.56							30.01	对数正态分布	78.23	75.2	36.1	245.03	36.34
	Cd	0.36							0.28	偏态分布	0.29	0.27	0.1	2.04	79.43
Pb	44.11	89.27	偏态分布	29.78	24.38	16.63	1 021.46	202.37
As	11.85	4.2	偏态分布	11.21	10.42	6.54	24.96	35.43
Hg	0.05	0.03	正态分布	0.05	0.05	0.01	0.15	50.71
Cu	47.57	33.83	偏态分布	40.81	35.64	20.5	234.05	71.12
Zn	146.02	80.81	对数正态分布	124.66	119	65.96	724.48	55.35

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