Improving the Stability of Soil Aggregates and the Content of Organic Carbon in Paddy Fields in Southern China by Multiple Cropping Mode

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194109

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the effects of long-term multi-cropping patterns on soil structure and organic carbon distribution in paddy fields. With fallow-rice-rice (WF-R-R) model as the control, four multi-cropping models were set up: rape-rice-ric (RP-R-R), Chinese milk vetch-rice-rice (MV-R-R), Potato-rice-rice (PO-R-R), ryegrass-rice-rice (RG-R-R). The results showed that in 5—10 cm soil layer, the contents of water-stable aggregates with size of >2 mm were increased in the multi-cropping pattern. The RG-R-R mode was 11.26 percentage points higher than the control, and the mean weight diameter (MWD) was significantly higher than the control. In 0—5 cm soil layer, the organic carbon content was increased by multi-cropping mode. The SOC content in RG-R-R mode was the highest in 0—20 cm soil layer, and the SOC content in each soil layer was increased by 9.57% (0—5 cm), 4.45% (5—10 cm) and 5.96% (10—20 cm), respectively, compared with the control. With the deepening of soil layer and the decrease of aggregate particle size, the soil organic carbon content in the multi-cropping model increased more significantly than that in the control. When the size was <0.053 mm, the soil organic carbon content in the RG-R-R model was significantly higher than that in the control. The contribution rate of soil aggregate organic carbon mainly came from the >2 mm grain size (59.03%—79.33%). In the 5—10 cm soil layer, the contribution rate of aggregate carbon in the >2 mm size of MV-R-R, PO-R-R and RG-R-R models was significantly increased by 8.5, 7.18 and 14.65 percentage points compared with the control. In conclusion, in this study, the ryegrass-rice-rice (RG-R-R) model was conducive to soil aggregate stability and organic carbon fixation in southern paddy fields.

Key words: Paddy field, Planting green manure in winter, Multiple cropping model, Soil aggregates, Soil organic carbon

ZHANG Wei, ZHOU Mengyao, ZHANG Leyan, XIONG Rui, GUO Huijuan, XU Ying, FU Zhiqiang, LONG Pan. Improving the Stability of Soil Aggregates and the Content of Organic Carbon in Paddy Fields in Southern China by Multiple Cropping Mode[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(S1): 331-338. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194109.

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References 24

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处理 Treatment	冬作季Winter season		早稻Early rice season		晚稻Late rice season		总还碳量 Total amount of carbon return
处理 Treatment	秸秆还田量 Amount of straws return	还碳量 Amount of carbon return	秸秆还田量 Amount of straws return	还碳量 Amount of carbon return	秸秆还田量 Amount of straws return	还碳量 Amount of carbon return	总还碳量 Total amount of carbon return
WF-R-R	—	—	5 528.20	2 215.15	7 707.33	3 088.33	5 303.48
RG-R-R	4 483.33	1 689.77	4 384.80	1 749.97	7 254.33	2 895.20	6 334.94
PO-R-R	1 583.33	633.17	5 197.20	2 117.86	7 018.33	2 859.97	5 611.00
RP-R-R	3 550.00	1 427.81	5 108.40	2 100.57	7 030.33	2 890.87	6 419.25
MV-R-R	3 500.00	1 399.65	5 801.60	2 404.76	7 930.20	3 287.07	7 091.48

处理 Treatment	冬作季Winter season		早稻Early rice season		晚稻Late rice season		总还碳量 Total amount of carbon return
处理 Treatment	秸秆还田量 Amount of straws return	还碳量 Amount of carbon return	秸秆还田量 Amount of straws return	还碳量 Amount of carbon return	秸秆还田量 Amount of straws return	还碳量 Amount of carbon return	总还碳量 Total amount of carbon return
WF-R-R	—	—	5 528.20	2 215.15	7 707.33	3 088.33	5 303.48
RG-R-R	4 483.33	1 689.77	4 384.80	1 749.97	7 254.33	2 895.20	6 334.94
PO-R-R	1 583.33	633.17	5 197.20	2 117.86	7 018.33	2 859.97	5 611.00
RP-R-R	3 550.00	1 427.81	5 108.40	2 100.57	7 030.33	2 890.87	6 419.25
MV-R-R	3 500.00	1 399.65	5 801.60	2 404.76	7 930.20	3 287.07	7 091.48

土层/cm Soil depth	处理 Treatments	团聚体质量百分比 Proportion of soil aggregates
土层/cm Soil depth	处理 Treatments	>2 mm	>0.25~2 mm	0.053~0.25 mm	<0.053 mm	R_0.25
0~5	WF-R-R	70.55±0.9bc	17.22±1.16a	5.58±1.17a	6.66±1.05bc	87.77±0.28ab
	RG-R-R	65.93±2.33c	18.40±1.86a	5.70±0.85a	9.98±1.47a	84.33±2.33c
	PO-R-R	77.03±3.79a	12.05±2.01b	4.96±0.70a	5.97±1.54c	89.08±2.21ab
	RP-R-R	78.86±4.16a	10.94±2.37b	4.26±1.02a	5.95±0.86c	89.80±1.83a
	MV-R-R	71.89±1.11b	14.06±0.01b	5.29±0.89a	8.77±0.69ab	85.95±1.12bc
5~10	WF-R-R	58.98±1.18b	21.17±1.73a	9.36±0.18a	10.49±1.85ab	80.15±1.76a
	RG-R-R	65.62±2.94a	16.13±1.02b	8.51±0.13a	9.74±2.24b	81.75±2.30a
	PO-R-R	60.72±0.94b	19.56±0.93a	6.96±0.94b	12.76±1.13a	80.29±0.71a
	RP-R-R	60.26±2.09b	21.08±2.08a	6.91±0.54b	11.76±0.30ab	81.34±0.35a
	MV-R-R	62.26±0.93b	19.31±1.29a	9.38±0.64a	9.04±0.39b	81.58±0.60a
10~20	WF-R-R	57.07±1.04a	22.91±1.87a	9.91±1.50a	10.12±1.46a	79.97±2.90a
	RG-R-R	57.02±2.54a	22.88±2.54a	9.16±1.90a	10.95±1.61a	79.90±3.48a
	PO-R-R	56.18±0.11a	23.14±0.83a	11.06±0.58a	9.63±1.14a	79.32±0.80a
	RP-R-R	57.35±2.32a	21.05±2.76a	10.02±0.97a	11.59±2.47a	78.39±3.42a
	MV-R-R	56.40±1.15a	22.07±2.38a	9.67±0.12a	11.87±2.41a	78.47±2.53a

土层/cm Soil depth	处理 Treatments	团聚体质量百分比 Proportion of soil aggregates
土层/cm Soil depth	处理 Treatments	>2 mm	>0.25~2 mm	0.053~0.25 mm	<0.053 mm	R_0.25
0~5	WF-R-R	70.55±0.9bc	17.22±1.16a	5.58±1.17a	6.66±1.05bc	87.77±0.28ab
	RG-R-R	65.93±2.33c	18.40±1.86a	5.70±0.85a	9.98±1.47a	84.33±2.33c
	PO-R-R	77.03±3.79a	12.05±2.01b	4.96±0.70a	5.97±1.54c	89.08±2.21ab
	RP-R-R	78.86±4.16a	10.94±2.37b	4.26±1.02a	5.95±0.86c	89.80±1.83a
	MV-R-R	71.89±1.11b	14.06±0.01b	5.29±0.89a	8.77±0.69ab	85.95±1.12bc
5~10	WF-R-R	58.98±1.18b	21.17±1.73a	9.36±0.18a	10.49±1.85ab	80.15±1.76a
	RG-R-R	65.62±2.94a	16.13±1.02b	8.51±0.13a	9.74±2.24b	81.75±2.30a
	PO-R-R	60.72±0.94b	19.56±0.93a	6.96±0.94b	12.76±1.13a	80.29±0.71a
	RP-R-R	60.26±2.09b	21.08±2.08a	6.91±0.54b	11.76±0.30ab	81.34±0.35a
	MV-R-R	62.26±0.93b	19.31±1.29a	9.38±0.64a	9.04±0.39b	81.58±0.60a
10~20	WF-R-R	57.07±1.04a	22.91±1.87a	9.91±1.50a	10.12±1.46a	79.97±2.90a
	RG-R-R	57.02±2.54a	22.88±2.54a	9.16±1.90a	10.95±1.61a	79.90±3.48a
	PO-R-R	56.18±0.11a	23.14±0.83a	11.06±0.58a	9.63±1.14a	79.32±0.80a
	RP-R-R	57.35±2.32a	21.05±2.76a	10.02±0.97a	11.59±2.47a	78.39±3.42a
	MV-R-R	56.40±1.15a	22.07±2.38a	9.67±0.12a	11.87±2.41a	78.47±2.53a

指标Indexes	MWD	GMD	TOC	>2 mm	>0.25~2 mm	0.053~0.25 mm	<0.053 mm
MWD	1.000
GMD	0.989^**	1.000
TOC	0.550^**	0.522^**	1.000
>2 mm	0.731^**	0.693^**	0.486^**	1.000
>0.25~2 mm	0.771^**	0.717^**	0.503^**	0.756^**	1.000
0.053~0.25 mm	0.736^**	0.697^**	0.513^**	0.843^**	0.790^**	1.000
<0.053 mm	0.836^**	0.784^**	0.611^**	0.883^**	0.828^**	0.841^**	1.000

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