Regulation Effect of Planting Density and Potassium Application Rate on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Maize in the Typical Black Soil Region of Northeast China

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193586

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of different planting densities and potassium(K)application rates on dry matter accumulation and translocation,yield and K use efficiency of maize in the typical black soil region of Northeast China,the two-year continuous located experiment was studied the effects of different planting densities(D1:5.5×10⁴ plants/ha,D2:7.0×10⁴ plants/ha and D3:8.5×10⁴ plants/ha)and K application rates(K0,K40,K80,K120 and K160)on dry matter accumulation and translocation,K use efficiency and yield of maize in Gongzhuling City of Jilin Province.The results showed that there was a significant or extremely significant interaction between planting density and K application rate on dry matter accumulation of maize.The maximum and average accumulation rates of dry matter in D2K120 treatment were at the highest values,and the translocation amount and contribution rate of dry matter remained at higher levels.K recovery efficiency(REK),agronomic efficiency(AEK)and partial factor productivity(PFPK)at the same planting densities decreased with increasing K application rate,and the values reached the highest in D2 under the same amount of K application.Under the same K application rate,the maize yield in D2 was at the highest value.The average yields in two years under D2 were increased by 6.9%,3.0% than D1 and D3,respectively.At the same density,maize yield was significantly improved due to K fertilizer application.Among them,the yield increasing was no longer significant exceeding 80 kg/ha of K application rates under D1,and it was no longer significant exceeding 120 kg/ha of K application rates under D2 and D3.According to fitting a linear-plateau model,the appropriate ranges of K application rates were 72-80 kg/ha,104-115 kg/ha,105-116 kg/ha under D1,D2 and D3,respectively.Under the condition that K application rate in D2 was increased by 44.5% than that in D1 and was equal to that in D3,the maize yield in D2 was increased by 9.8%,3.2%,and REK was increased by 4.1,4.9 percentage points than D1 and D3,respectively.In conclusion,the planting density of 70 000 plants/ha and K application rate of 104-115 kg/ha are appropriate in the typical black soil region of Northeast China.

Key words: Maize, Black soil, Planting density, Potassium application rates, Dry matter accumulation and translocation, Yield, Potassium use efficiency

CHEN Yihao, KONG Lili, HOU Yunpeng, YIN Caixia, ZHANG Lei, ZHAO Yinkai, LIU Zhiquan. Regulation Effect of Planting Density and Potassium Application Rate on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Maize in the Typical Black Soil Region of Northeast China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(3): 148-157. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193586.

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References 37

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密度 Density	施钾量 K rates	t₁/d		t₂/d		t_m/d		V_m/(kg/hm²)		V_a/(kg/hm²)
密度 Density	施钾量 K rates	2018年	2019年	2018年	2019年	2018年	2019年	2018年	2019年	2018年	2019年
D1	K0	68.4±1.2a	67.1±0.3a	109.2±1.2a	110.9±1.2a	89.7±0.4a	88.0±0.9a	249.4±6.6c	250.2±3.8c	108.0±2.0c	104.8±0.3c
	K40	66.4±1.1b	66.0±0.5b	106.9±0.8b	105.9±0.8b	86.6±0.6b	85.9±0.5b	278.4±4.3b	271.9±4.1b	115.0±1.9b	108.4±1.5b
	K80	62.8±0.7c	63.8±0.9c	102.7±1.3c	102.6±0.7c	82.7±0.9c	83.2±0.3c	302.8±5.1a	297.9±2.9a	123.2±2.5a	115.3±1.3a
	K120	63.2±1.3c	63.2±0.3c	101.4±1.5c	102.6±0.5c	83.0±1.1c	82.9±0.6c	308.1±4.6a	294.7±4.2a	121.6±1.7a	115.7±0.8a
	K160	63.6±0.8c	63.3±0.5c	102.4±1.1c	102.1±0.9c	83.0±0.3c	82.7±0.9c	305.8±5.8a	299.3±3.9a	120.7±2.0a	115.8±1.2a
D2	K0	67.7±1.0a	68.2±0.8a	109.5±0.7a	110.7±1.2a	88.6±0.9a	89.4±0.5a	270.5±4.2d	257.7±2.2d	115.3±1.9c	109.4±1.4d
	K40	64.6±0.6b	65.6±0.4b	107.1±0.4b	108.8±0.9ab	87.2±1.1ab	87.2±0.4b	282.6±4.9c	267.4±1.8c	122.4±2.9b	115.4±0.8c
	K80	63.8±0.4b	65.0±0.7b	104.9±0.6c	106.8±0.7b	85.7±0.8b	85.9±1.2b	303.1±3.2b	294.0±5.5b	127.1±2.2b	122.8±1.9b
	K120	62.0±0.7c	60.5±0.6c	101.9±1.0d	103.0±0.4c	83.2±0.2c	81.8±0.8c	325.7±6.3a	325.5±3.9a	134.5±2.6a	132.9±2.0a
	K160	62.1±0.3c	61.5±0.8c	103.3±0.8cd	101.4±1.5c	84.0±0.4c	81.4±0.4c	322.3±5.8a	323.1±4.1a	135.2±1.1a	131.0±1.6a
D3	K0	66.8±0.7a	67.3±0.5a	109.9±0.7a	111.2±1.2a	88.3±0.9a	89.2±1.0a	255.4±3.3d	255.7±3.7d	110.6±2.0d	112.1±0.5d
	K40	64.1±0.5b	65.7±0.2b	107.3±0.5b	107.5±0.8 b	85.7±0.4b	86.6±0.5b	275.6±4.2c	280.8±2.8c	121.3±1.9c	117.3±1.2c
	K80	61.9±1.1c	64.6±0.6b	106.5±0.8b	105.8±1.0bc	84.2±1.2b	85.2±0.8b	301.7±2.9b	298.6±4.5b	126.6±1.5b	122.8±0.8b
	K120	60.1±0.6d	62.1±0.8c	104.0±0.9c	102.0±1.2c	82.1±0.9c	82.0±0.4c	320.7±5.5a	323.3±3.4a	132.4±0.7a	128.9±0.9a
	K160	59.6±0.8d	62.9±0.4c	104.2±0.2c	102.2±1.4c	81.9±0.5c	82.6±0.6c	315.3±3.1a	326.6±2.2a	132.2±1.5a	128.3±1.1a
方差分析ANOVA
密度Density (D)		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	^**	^**	^**	^**
施钾量Potassium (K)		^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**
D×K		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	^**	^**	^**	^**

密度 Density	施钾量 K rates	t₁/d		t₂/d		t_m/d		V_m/(kg/hm²)		V_a/(kg/hm²)
密度 Density	施钾量 K rates	2018年	2019年	2018年	2019年	2018年	2019年	2018年	2019年	2018年	2019年
D1	K0	68.4±1.2a	67.1±0.3a	109.2±1.2a	110.9±1.2a	89.7±0.4a	88.0±0.9a	249.4±6.6c	250.2±3.8c	108.0±2.0c	104.8±0.3c
	K40	66.4±1.1b	66.0±0.5b	106.9±0.8b	105.9±0.8b	86.6±0.6b	85.9±0.5b	278.4±4.3b	271.9±4.1b	115.0±1.9b	108.4±1.5b
	K80	62.8±0.7c	63.8±0.9c	102.7±1.3c	102.6±0.7c	82.7±0.9c	83.2±0.3c	302.8±5.1a	297.9±2.9a	123.2±2.5a	115.3±1.3a
	K120	63.2±1.3c	63.2±0.3c	101.4±1.5c	102.6±0.5c	83.0±1.1c	82.9±0.6c	308.1±4.6a	294.7±4.2a	121.6±1.7a	115.7±0.8a
	K160	63.6±0.8c	63.3±0.5c	102.4±1.1c	102.1±0.9c	83.0±0.3c	82.7±0.9c	305.8±5.8a	299.3±3.9a	120.7±2.0a	115.8±1.2a
D2	K0	67.7±1.0a	68.2±0.8a	109.5±0.7a	110.7±1.2a	88.6±0.9a	89.4±0.5a	270.5±4.2d	257.7±2.2d	115.3±1.9c	109.4±1.4d
	K40	64.6±0.6b	65.6±0.4b	107.1±0.4b	108.8±0.9ab	87.2±1.1ab	87.2±0.4b	282.6±4.9c	267.4±1.8c	122.4±2.9b	115.4±0.8c
	K80	63.8±0.4b	65.0±0.7b	104.9±0.6c	106.8±0.7b	85.7±0.8b	85.9±1.2b	303.1±3.2b	294.0±5.5b	127.1±2.2b	122.8±1.9b
	K120	62.0±0.7c	60.5±0.6c	101.9±1.0d	103.0±0.4c	83.2±0.2c	81.8±0.8c	325.7±6.3a	325.5±3.9a	134.5±2.6a	132.9±2.0a
	K160	62.1±0.3c	61.5±0.8c	103.3±0.8cd	101.4±1.5c	84.0±0.4c	81.4±0.4c	322.3±5.8a	323.1±4.1a	135.2±1.1a	131.0±1.6a
D3	K0	66.8±0.7a	67.3±0.5a	109.9±0.7a	111.2±1.2a	88.3±0.9a	89.2±1.0a	255.4±3.3d	255.7±3.7d	110.6±2.0d	112.1±0.5d
	K40	64.1±0.5b	65.7±0.2b	107.3±0.5b	107.5±0.8 b	85.7±0.4b	86.6±0.5b	275.6±4.2c	280.8±2.8c	121.3±1.9c	117.3±1.2c
	K80	61.9±1.1c	64.6±0.6b	106.5±0.8b	105.8±1.0bc	84.2±1.2b	85.2±0.8b	301.7±2.9b	298.6±4.5b	126.6±1.5b	122.8±0.8b
	K120	60.1±0.6d	62.1±0.8c	104.0±0.9c	102.0±1.2c	82.1±0.9c	82.0±0.4c	320.7±5.5a	323.3±3.4a	132.4±0.7a	128.9±0.9a
	K160	59.6±0.8d	62.9±0.4c	104.2±0.2c	102.2±1.4c	81.9±0.5c	82.6±0.6c	315.3±3.1a	326.6±2.2a	132.2±1.5a	128.3±1.1a
方差分析ANOVA
密度Density (D)		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	^**	^**	^**	^**
施钾量Potassium (K)		^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**
D×K		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	^**	^**	^**	^**

密度 Density	施钾量 K rates	干物质转运量/(kg/hm²) Dry matter translocation				干物质转运率/% Dry matter translocation efficiency			干物质转运贡献率/% Dry matter translocation conversion rate of vegetative organ
密度 Density	施钾量 K rates	2018年		2019年		2018年		2019年	2018年	2019年
D1	K0	1 822.1±53.2c		1 609.8±88.0d		19.2±1.0a		19.3±1.2a	21.4±0.6c	20.0±0.2c
	K40	2 010.8±41.8b		1 801.7±59.8b		18.7±1.4a		18.9±0.9a	23.2±0.3b	21.5±0.6b
	K80	2 291.7±150.8a		2 055.0±65.2a		18.9±1.2a		18.8±0.7a	24.6±0.6a	23.6±0.4a
	K120	2 284.8±108.3a		2 104.0±87.9a		19.2±0.9a		19.2±1.1a	24.5±0.4a	23.4±0.3a
	K160	2 253.1±40.9a		2 098.9±84.8a		19.3±1.6a		18.7±0.8a	24.6±0.5a	23.4±0.5a
D2	K0	1 954.2±27.8d		1 859.5±67.2d		18.3±1.3a		19.6±0.7a	20.3±0.8c	20.2±0.4c
	K40	2 137.4±63.3c		2 044.1±54.4c		19.0±0.8a		20.5±0.9a	22.2±0.3b	21.8±0.5b
	K80	2 365.4±64.3b		2 204.2±58.2b		19.9±1.1a		19.4±1.4a	22.8±0.7b	22.1±0.6b
	K120	2 531.8±74.6a		2 452.8±69.5a		19.3±0.8a		20.6±1.0a	25.0±1.0a	24.5±0.8a
	K160	2 528.3±52.5a		2 413.7±50.3a		20.2±1.1a		20.2±1.2a	24.9±0.9a	24.3±0.5a
D3	K0	1 878.0±41.2d		1 777.3±58.1d		19.7±0.6a		19.6±0.9a	20.6±0.5d	20.5±0.4c
	K40	2 053.2±33.0c		1 919.0±47.4c		19.6±0.9a		19.0±1.2a	23.0±0.5c	22.1±0.6b
	K80	2 262.6±95.9b		2 083.0±33.6b		18.7±1.2a		19.9±0.9a	24.1±0.2b	22.5±0.4b
	K120	2 451.5±50.3a		2 345.5±52.5a		20.1±1.3a		20.2±0.8a	25.0±0.6a	24.3±0.5a
	K160	2 462.9±77.7a		2 337.6±47.8a		20.2±1.5a		20.0±1.1a	25.1±0.7a	24.1±0.8a
方差分析ANOVA
密度Density (D)		^**	^**		ns		ns		ns		ns
施钾量K rates (K)		^**	^**		ns		ns		^*		^*
D×K		^*	^*		ns		ns		ns		ns

密度 Density	施钾量 K rates	干物质转运量/(kg/hm²) Dry matter translocation				干物质转运率/% Dry matter translocation efficiency			干物质转运贡献率/% Dry matter translocation conversion rate of vegetative organ
密度 Density	施钾量 K rates	2018年		2019年		2018年		2019年	2018年	2019年
D1	K0	1 822.1±53.2c		1 609.8±88.0d		19.2±1.0a		19.3±1.2a	21.4±0.6c	20.0±0.2c
	K40	2 010.8±41.8b		1 801.7±59.8b		18.7±1.4a		18.9±0.9a	23.2±0.3b	21.5±0.6b
	K80	2 291.7±150.8a		2 055.0±65.2a		18.9±1.2a		18.8±0.7a	24.6±0.6a	23.6±0.4a
	K120	2 284.8±108.3a		2 104.0±87.9a		19.2±0.9a		19.2±1.1a	24.5±0.4a	23.4±0.3a
	K160	2 253.1±40.9a		2 098.9±84.8a		19.3±1.6a		18.7±0.8a	24.6±0.5a	23.4±0.5a
D2	K0	1 954.2±27.8d		1 859.5±67.2d		18.3±1.3a		19.6±0.7a	20.3±0.8c	20.2±0.4c
	K40	2 137.4±63.3c		2 044.1±54.4c		19.0±0.8a		20.5±0.9a	22.2±0.3b	21.8±0.5b
	K80	2 365.4±64.3b		2 204.2±58.2b		19.9±1.1a		19.4±1.4a	22.8±0.7b	22.1±0.6b
	K120	2 531.8±74.6a		2 452.8±69.5a		19.3±0.8a		20.6±1.0a	25.0±1.0a	24.5±0.8a
	K160	2 528.3±52.5a		2 413.7±50.3a		20.2±1.1a		20.2±1.2a	24.9±0.9a	24.3±0.5a
D3	K0	1 878.0±41.2d		1 777.3±58.1d		19.7±0.6a		19.6±0.9a	20.6±0.5d	20.5±0.4c
	K40	2 053.2±33.0c		1 919.0±47.4c		19.6±0.9a		19.0±1.2a	23.0±0.5c	22.1±0.6b
	K80	2 262.6±95.9b		2 083.0±33.6b		18.7±1.2a		19.9±0.9a	24.1±0.2b	22.5±0.4b
	K120	2 451.5±50.3a		2 345.5±52.5a		20.1±1.3a		20.2±0.8a	25.0±0.6a	24.3±0.5a
	K160	2 462.9±77.7a		2 337.6±47.8a		20.2±1.5a		20.0±1.1a	25.1±0.7a	24.1±0.8a
方差分析ANOVA
密度Density (D)		^**	^**		ns		ns		ns		ns
施钾量K rates (K)		^**	^**		ns		ns		^*		^*
D×K		^*	^*		ns		ns		ns		ns

密度 Density	施钾量 K application rates	穗数/(No./hm²) Ears		穗粒数 Grain number per ear				千粒质量/g 1000-grain weight				产量/(kg/hm²) Yield
密度 Density	施钾量 K application rates	2018年	2019年	2018年		2019年		2018年		2019年		2018年		2019年
D1	K0	54 500±1 500a	54 000±1 800a	608.5±4.9c		596.6±2.8c		332.0±3.9c		323.6±1.7c		9 450±189c		9 348±133c
	K40	54 200±2 000a	54 500±1 700a	625.4±5.8b		614.7±4.9b		343.1±2.4b		341.2±2.6b		10 240±92b		9 885±52b
	K80	54 500±1 500a	54 200±2 100a	650.1±7.5a		636.0±5.6a		361.1±2.8a		362.9±1.7a		10 851±156a		10 469±149a
	K120	54 800±1 600a	54 600±1 800a	648.2±9.6a		638.6±3.9a		359.1±3.3a		362.7±2.2a		10 872±167a		10 458±220a
	K160	54 600±1 700a	54 300±1 700a	649.4±8.9a		638.2±4.3a		357.6±4.1a		361.6±3.6a		10 857±289a		10 431±219a
D2	K0	69 000±2 300a	69 700±2 600a	555.0±6.1c		547.2±5.9c		311.0±2.9c		318.5±1.8c		9 828±172d		9 791±218d
	K40	69 500±2 100a	69 600±2 300a	574.3±4.2b		569.0±4.2b		334.3±4.6b		336.6±2.3b		10 796±154c		10 439±136c
	K80	69 700±1 800a	69 400±2 800a	580.5±3.8b		573.7±5.5b		337.8±1.9b		358.3±3.5b		11 260±85b		11 050±197b
	K120	69 300±1 600a	68 900±3 000a	595.0±3.9a		590.4±4.1a		354.0±3.2a		354.1±3.8a		11 787±142a		11 628±92a
	K160	69 600±1 600a	69 300±2 500a	594.1±4.1a		588.7±3.6a		351.5±2.9a		356.5±2.2a		11 824±121a		11 572±325a
D3	K0	84 200±2 300a	84 000±2 400a	501.0±5.3c		495.2±2.9c		312.1±3.0c		309.1±1.4c		9 660±220d		9 565±156d
	K40	84 900±2 800a	83 900±2 700a	519.6±4.6b		514.4±5.1b		327.3±1.5b		322.3±1.5b		10 365±107c		10 205±118c
	K80	83 800±1 800a	84 300±2 800a	523.2±2.9b		520.3±3.9b		331.3±2.8ab		329.3±2.2b		10 830±184b		10 771±171b
	K120	84 600±2 200a	84 600±2 300a	537.8±4.2a		540.6±4.9a		339.2±2.2a		341.2±1.9a		11 398±132a		11 239±247a
	K160	84 500±2 400a	84 700±2 500a	539.8±3.8a		541.6±2.4a		342.6±3.1a		344.4±2.8a		11 431±220a		11 291±177a
方差分析ANOVA
密度Density (D)		^*	^*	^**	^**		^**		^*		^**		^**
施钾量K rates(K)		ns	ns	^**	^**		^*		^**		^**		^**
D×K		ns	ns	^**	^**		^*		^*		^**		^**

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