Effects of Tillage Methods on Growth and Physiology of Seedlings Stem and Tillers and Their Productivity of Wheat in Rice Stubble

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192538

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the cultivation approach achieving robust seedlings and high yields of wheat in rice stubble,the effects of three tillage methods,including plow tillage followed by rotary tillage(PR),rotary tillage twice(RR),and no-tillage(NT),on the growth and physiology of main stem and tillers of wheat seedlings and their single spike yield at maturity were studied under the conditions of rice straw retaining with full amount.The results showed that PR increased the stems number per plant at the beginning of over-wintering by 1.5%,12.8%,respectively,compared with RR and NT,with significant differences(P<0.05).Leaf area and dry matter weight per plant under PR were 94 cm² and 787 mg,respectively,which were significantly higher than those under NT(P<0.05).Compared with NT,PR significantly improved activities of nitrate reductase(NR),glutamine synthase(GS),and glutamate synthase(GOGAT)of the top full expanding leaves in the main stem and the first,second,and third tillers(P<0.05).PR also significantly promoted the activities of diphosphate carboxylase(Rubisco),pyruvate phosphate dikinase(PPDK),triosephosphate isomerase(TPI),sucrose synthase(SS-Ⅱ),and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),and enhanced SPAD and soluble sugar content(P<0.05).And compared with NT,PR significantly increased the nitrogen content in seedling leaves of main stem,second and third tillers(P<0.05).Moreover,PR and RR increased leaf area and dry matter weight of the main stem and the first and second tillers.Therefore,compared with RR and NT,PR was more beneficial to the synergistic improvement of nitrogen metabolism,glucose metabolism,and light energy utilization at the seedling stage,increasing photosynthetic productivity and forming robust seedlings.The improvement of carbon and nitrogen metabolism and photosynthetic capacity by RR was higher than that by NT but was weaker than that by PR.There were no significant differences between PR and RR in the grain number per spike,single grain weight of the main stem(P>0.05),but they were significantly higher than those under NT(P<0.05).The grain number per spike in the first and second tillers under PR was significantly higher than that under RR and NT(P<0.05),but single grain weight and grain yield per spike of the first,second,and third tillers were not significantly different between PR and RR(P>0.05).In conclusion,PR could improve the activity of glucose and nitrogen metabolism and photosynthetic physiology of the main stem and the first and second tillers of wheat in rice stubble,resulting in the increases of the grain number per spike and the productivity per spike through forming strong seedlings.

Key words: Wheat in rice stubble, Tillage methods, Tiller, Seedling growth, Enzymatic activity

LI Fujian, XU Dongyi, LIU Kaili, ZHU Min, LI Chunyan, ZHU Xinkai, DING Jinfeng, GUO Wenshan. Effects of Tillage Methods on Growth and Physiology of Seedlings Stem and Tillers and Their Productivity of Wheat in Rice Stubble[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(1): 58-67. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192538.

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References 42

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耕作方式 Tillage method	蘖位 Tiller order	单茎叶面积/cm² Leaf area per stem	单茎干物质量/mg Dry weight per stem	氮含量/(mg/g) Nitrogen content	可溶性糖含量/(mg/g) Soluble sugar content
PR	0	26.56±2.01a	204.88±12.73a	34.53±0.78a	128.59±0.61a
	Ⅰ	15.32±1.34cd	120.94±4.15bc	27.96±0.60b	121.45±1.82ab
	Ⅱ	14.30±0.29cde	116.63±1.06bcd	26.73±0.46b	107.00±0.00c
	Ⅲ	8.39±0.13fg	76.13±3.01ef	23.68±0.82cd	92.69±4.47d
RR	0	21.53±2.15b	187.56±21.66a	28.01±0.97b	122.59±0.61ab
	Ⅰ	12.66±1.29de	108.06±8.22bcde	25.96±0.82bc	113.70±1.05bc
	Ⅱ	12.35±1.75def	107.50±15.73bcde	25.48±0.48bc	104.14±10.11c
	Ⅲ	7.89±0.56g	73.44±9.46ef	19.49±0.23e	76.12±7.28ef
NT	0	17.30±1.19c	139.00±7.42b	26.06±0.19bc	82.13±1.82de
	Ⅰ	10.84±1.19efg	89.25±10.96cdef	25.31±1.04bc	76.41±4.06ef
	Ⅱ	10.34±0.36efg	81.13±4.07def	21.19±2.92de	70.26±4.65f
	Ⅲ	7.61±1.25g	61.94±5.39f	19.07±1.32e	69.83±3.24f
F值 F value
TM		15.35ns	9.90ns	913.21^**	340.07^**
TO		163.09^**	265.52^**	52.40^**	50.31^**
TM×TO		4.99^*	5.50^*	3.14ns	5.95^**

耕作方式 Tillage method	蘖位 Tiller order	单茎叶面积/cm² Leaf area per stem	单茎干物质量/mg Dry weight per stem	氮含量/(mg/g) Nitrogen content	可溶性糖含量/(mg/g) Soluble sugar content
PR	0	26.56±2.01a	204.88±12.73a	34.53±0.78a	128.59±0.61a
	Ⅰ	15.32±1.34cd	120.94±4.15bc	27.96±0.60b	121.45±1.82ab
	Ⅱ	14.30±0.29cde	116.63±1.06bcd	26.73±0.46b	107.00±0.00c
	Ⅲ	8.39±0.13fg	76.13±3.01ef	23.68±0.82cd	92.69±4.47d
RR	0	21.53±2.15b	187.56±21.66a	28.01±0.97b	122.59±0.61ab
	Ⅰ	12.66±1.29de	108.06±8.22bcde	25.96±0.82bc	113.70±1.05bc
	Ⅱ	12.35±1.75def	107.50±15.73bcde	25.48±0.48bc	104.14±10.11c
	Ⅲ	7.89±0.56g	73.44±9.46ef	19.49±0.23e	76.12±7.28ef
NT	0	17.30±1.19c	139.00±7.42b	26.06±0.19bc	82.13±1.82de
	Ⅰ	10.84±1.19efg	89.25±10.96cdef	25.31±1.04bc	76.41±4.06ef
	Ⅱ	10.34±0.36efg	81.13±4.07def	21.19±2.92de	70.26±4.65f
	Ⅲ	7.61±1.25g	61.94±5.39f	19.07±1.32e	69.83±3.24f
F值 F value
TM		15.35ns	9.90ns	913.21^**	340.07^**
TO		163.09^**	265.52^**	52.40^**	50.31^**
TM×TO		4.99^*	5.50^*	3.14ns	5.95^**

耕作方式 Tillage method	蘖位 Tiller order	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	单粒质量/mg Weight per grain	单穗产量/g Grain yield per spike
PR	0	34.50±0.67a	53.61±0.91a	1.85±0.10a
	Ⅰ	30.20±0.55b	52.56±1.08ab	1.54±0.08b
	Ⅱ	30.20±0.46b	51.12±0.60abcd	1.50±0.00bc
	Ⅲ	25.50±0.74def	50.86±0.35abcd	1.35±0.02bcde
RR	0	33.00±0.00a	52.41±1.44ab	1.78±0.10a
	Ⅰ	27.90±0.00c	51.73±0.74abc	1.54±0.08b
	Ⅱ	27.50±0.17cd	51.04±0.95abcd	1.38±0.01bcd
	Ⅲ	24.56±0.23f	50.19±0.34bcde	1.41±0.10bcd
NT	0	30.70±0.70b	48.80±1.00cde	1.48±0.04bc
	Ⅰ	26.80±0.60cde	48.42±1.58cde	1.30±0.01cde
	Ⅱ	25.00±0.75ef	47.94±0.22de	1.24±0.01de
	Ⅲ	24.56±0.20f	47.41±0.56e	1.13±0.03e
F值 F value
TM		16.37^*	20.16^*	22.71^*
TO		211.64^**	3.14ns	23.90^**
TM×TO		5.64^*	0.17ns	0.62ns

耕作方式 Tillage method	蘖位 Tiller order	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	单粒质量/mg Weight per grain	单穗产量/g Grain yield per spike
PR	0	34.50±0.67a	53.61±0.91a	1.85±0.10a
	Ⅰ	30.20±0.55b	52.56±1.08ab	1.54±0.08b
	Ⅱ	30.20±0.46b	51.12±0.60abcd	1.50±0.00bc
	Ⅲ	25.50±0.74def	50.86±0.35abcd	1.35±0.02bcde
RR	0	33.00±0.00a	52.41±1.44ab	1.78±0.10a
	Ⅰ	27.90±0.00c	51.73±0.74abc	1.54±0.08b
	Ⅱ	27.50±0.17cd	51.04±0.95abcd	1.38±0.01bcd
	Ⅲ	24.56±0.23f	50.19±0.34bcde	1.41±0.10bcd
NT	0	30.70±0.70b	48.80±1.00cde	1.48±0.04bc
	Ⅰ	26.80±0.60cde	48.42±1.58cde	1.30±0.01cde
	Ⅱ	25.00±0.75ef	47.94±0.22de	1.24±0.01de
	Ⅲ	24.56±0.20f	47.41±0.56e	1.13±0.03e
F值 F value
TM		16.37^*	20.16^*	22.71^*
TO		211.64^**	3.14ns	23.90^**
TM×TO		5.64^*	0.17ns	0.62ns

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