Effects of Crop Rotation with Bean on the Nitrate Leaching in Greenhouse Soils

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192458

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effect and mechanism of different rotation systems on nitrate leaching,field experiments were carried out from 2018 to 2020 to compare the variation characteristics of nitrate leaching in greenhouse soil under three rotation systems,i.e.tomato-melon(TM),bean-melon(BM)and tomato-bean(TB),and to explore the controlling factors for differences in nitrate leaching.Results showed that the rotation with Vigna unguiculata significantly reduced the amount of nitrate leaching compared with the traditional TM rotation.The total nitrate leaching loss of TB was significantly decreased by 39.74% compared with TM,however,the nitrate leaching loss of BM were significantly decreased by 6.32%.Collectively,TB had the best environmental benefits among three rotations,which was the recommended rotation pattern.Spearman correlation analysis showed that the NO₃^-NO₃^--N leaching was most affected by 0—100 cm soil water storage,soil NO₃^--N accumulation and temperature,with a highly significant positive correlation.A positive correlation of NO₃^--N leaching with 0—100 cm organic carbon storage and soil total nitrogen accumulation,as well as a negative correlation with 0—60 cm soil pH value were also observed.Comparing with the traditional TM,the decreasing of nitrate leaching in recommended rotation pattern(TB)was mainly attributed to significant reduction of 0—100 cm soil water storage,soil NO₃-N and total nitrogen accumulation,and significant increment of soil pH value to chang soil physical and chemical properties,together with alleviating the background nitrate leaching caused by organic nitrogen mineralization in sensitive leaching seasons.

Key words: Rotation with legumes, Nitrogen leaching, Greenhouse vegetable, Soil property, Temperature

LIU Lei, WANG Ling, XIAO Guangmin, RU Shuhua, SUN Shiyou, GAO Jing, LI Pin, ZHAO Ouya, ZHANG Guoyin. Effects of Crop Rotation with Bean on the Nitrate Leaching in Greenhouse Soils[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(1): 129-136. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192458.

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Figures/Tables 7

Tab.1 Fertilizer and water input under different rotations in a year

项目 Items	西红柿-甜瓜 Tomato-Melon	豆角-甜瓜 Bean-Melon	西红柿-豆角 Tomato-Bean
N/(kg/hm²)	1 583(775+808)	1 244(437+808)	1 212(775+437)
P₂O₅/(kg/hm²)	864(420+444)	845(401+444)	821(420+401)
K₂O/(kg/hm²)	2 360(1 162+1 198)	1 759(562+1 198)	1 724(1 162+562)
灌溉量/(m³/hm²)Irrigation	19 800(10 800+9 000)	13 500(4 500+9 000)	15 300(10 800+4 500)

Fig.1 Vertical distribution of soil NO₃-N under different rotation systems
TM.Tomato-Melon,BM.Bean-Melon,TB.Tomato-Bean;S1 and S3.Season one and three,respectively(autumn winter season);S2 and S4.Season two and four,respectively(winter spring season).Different lowercase letters indicated significant difference between different seasons under the same rotation system,and different uppercase letters indicated significant difference among rotation systems at 0.05 level.The same as Fig.2—3.

Fig.2 Total leaching loss of NO₃-N under different rotation systems

Fig.3 Soil properties under different rotation systems and seasons

Tab.2 Spearman correlation coefficients of the

NO 3 -

-N leaching loss with soil properties of 0—100 cm and soil temperature

项目 Item	硝态氮累积量 Soil accumulative $NO 3 -$ -N	全氮累积量 Soil accumulative total N	土壤储水量 Soil water storage	有机碳储量 Soil accumulative SOC	C/N比 C/N ratio	0~20 cm pH	20~40 cm pH	40~60 cm pH	60~80 cm pH	80~100 cm pH	土壤温度 Soil temperature
相关系数 Spearman correlation	0.541	0.357	0.673	0.407	0.003	-0.405	-0.357	-0.310	-0.221	-0.203	0.605
P	0.000	0.013	0.000	0.004	0.984	0.004	0.013	0.032	0.131	0.171	0.000

Tab.2 Spearman correlation coefficients of the

NO 3 -

-N leaching loss with soil properties of 0—100 cm and soil temperature

项目 Item	硝态氮累积量 Soil accumulative $NO 3 -$ -N	全氮累积量 Soil accumulative total N	土壤储水量 Soil water storage	有机碳储量 Soil accumulative SOC	C/N比 C/N ratio	0~20 cm pH	20~40 cm pH	40~60 cm pH	60~80 cm pH	80~100 cm pH	土壤温度 Soil temperature
相关系数 Spearman correlation	0.541	0.357	0.673	0.407	0.003	-0.405	-0.357	-0.310	-0.221	-0.203	0.605
P	0.000	0.013	0.000	0.004	0.984	0.004	0.013	0.032	0.131	0.171	0.000

Fig.4 Relationships between

NO 3 -

-N leaching loss and soil water storage,soil temperature and soil as cumulative NO₃-N content

Fig.4 Relationships between $NO 3 -$ -N leaching loss and soil water storage,soil temperature and soil as cumulative NO₃-N content

Tab.3 The effects of rotation system adjustment on nitrogen surplus and yield

轮作模式 Rotation system	氮素表观盈余/(kg/hm²) N surplus				产量/(×10⁴ kg/hm²) Yield
轮作模式 Rotation system	第1茬 Season 1	第2茬 Season 2	第3茬 Season 3	第4茬 Season 4	第1茬 Season 1	第2茬 Season 2	第3茬 Season 3	第4茬 Season 4
番茄-甜瓜 Tomato-Melon	525.04±19.65a	626.37±46.60a	523.23±29.54a	618.85±30.18a	10.75±0.20b	9.08±0.68a	10.28±0.58a	9.58±0.47a
豆角-甜瓜 Bean-Melon	315.44±18.33b	643.57±48.60a	317.76±25.20b	599.54±28.29a	6.11±0.16c	9.24±0.71a	5.98±0.47b	9.90±0.40a
番茄-豆角 Tomato-Bean	507.89±18.52a	286.05±21.62b	504.61±25.85a	316.69±17.51b	11.78±0.20a	7.65±0.58b	11.33±0.58a	6.89±0.38b

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