摘要： 为探究土壤酸化胁迫对不同花生品种幼苗生长发育及生理特性的影响，盆栽条件下，在酸化土壤（pH值3.5）及正常土壤（pH值6.0，对照）上，比较了15个花生品种幼苗的根系形态、叶片光合特性及干物质质量等指标的差异。结果表明：酸胁迫条件下多数品种总根长及根表面积下降，较对照平均降低34.28%和15.17%，其中对直径0~1 mm根系影响最大；不同品种根体积对酸胁迫的响应差异较大，但酸胁迫处理总根体积平均值与对照差异不显著。酸胁迫降低了所有品种单株叶面积，胁迫处理叶面积平均较对照降低45.92%，而且增加了品种间差异，但对叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率影响较小。酸胁迫抑制了花生幼苗干物质累积，其中胁迫处理叶、茎和根平均值较对照分别降低37.43%，28.74%，20.75%，变异系数较对照分别增加7.10，13.02，11.30百分点。不同品种耐酸系数（酸胁迫下整株干物质质量/对照条件下整株干物质质量）变幅为0.353~0.908，按照耐酸系数，将供试品种分成耐酸型、中间型及酸敏感型三类，其中冀花8号和仲恺花10 2个品种为耐酸型。研究结果可为耐酸花生品种选育及酸化土壤花生高产栽培提供依据。

关键词: 花生, 土壤酸胁迫, 根系形态, 光合特性, 耐酸系数

Abstract: To explore the effects of soil acid stress on growth and physiological characteristics of different peanut varieties at seedling stage,a pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the differences in peanut root morphology,leaf photosynthetic characteristics and dry weight among 15 varieties under acid soil(pH 3.5)and normal soil(pH 6.0). Results showed that,soil acidification stress decreased total root length and surface area for the most peanut varieties,the average total root length and surface area in the acidified soil was decreased by 34.28% and 15.17% compared to the normal soil,respectively. Soil acidification stress had the greatest effect on root with the diameter of 0-1 mm. The responses of root volume for different varieties to soil acidification stress were various,but average total root volume of acidification stress treatment was basically same to that of CK. Soil acidification stress decreased leaf area for all varieties and increased varietal differences,the average leaf area in the acidified soil was decreased by 45.92% compared to the normal soil,but had little impact on chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of leaf. Soil acidification stress restrained dry matter accumulation that dry weight average value of leaf,stem and root were decreased by 37.43%,28.74% and 20.75% in acid soil,compared to the normal soil,respectively. Meanwhile,variable coefficient of the 3 parts increased by 7.10,13.02 and 11.30 percent points,respectively. Acid resistant coefficients of different varieties were 0.353-0.908. Three types of varieties(acid resistant,medium and sensitivity)were defined according to the acid resistant coefficients. And the two varieties of Jihua 8 and Zhongkaihua 10 were classified as the acid resistant type. This study provides a theoretical basis for peanut breeding with acid resistant variety and high-yield cultivation in acidified soil.

Key words: Peanut, Soil acidification stress, Root morphology, Photosynthetic characteristics, Acid resistant coefficient

中图分类号: 

• S565.01